Savateev Oleksandr, Nolkemper Karlo, Kühne Thomas D, Shvalagin Vitaliy, Markushyna Yevheniia, Antonietti Markus
Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
Nat Commun. 2023 Nov 24;14(1):7684. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43328-6.
Graphitic carbon nitride is widely studied in organic photoredox catalysis. Reductive quenching of carbon nitride excited state is postulated in many photocatalytic transformations. However, the reactivity of this species in the turn over step is less explored. In this work, we investigate electron and proton transfer from carbon nitride that is photocharged to a various extent, while the negative charge is compensated either by protons or ammonium cations. Strong stabilization of electrons by ammonium cations makes proton-coupled electron transfer uphill, and affords air-stable persistent carbon nitride radicals. In carbon nitrides, which are photocharged to a smaller extent, protons do not stabilize electrons, which results in spontaneous charge transfer to oxidants. Facile proton-coupled electron transfer is a key step in the photocatalytic oxidative-reductive cascade - tetramerization of benzylic amines. The feasibility of proton-coupled electron transfer is modulated by adjusting the extent of carbon nitride photocharging, type of counterion and temperature.
石墨相氮化碳在有机光氧化还原催化领域得到了广泛研究。在许多光催化转化过程中,人们推测氮化碳激发态会发生还原猝灭。然而,该物种在周转步骤中的反应活性却较少被探究。在这项工作中,我们研究了不同程度光充电的氮化碳中的电子和质子转移,其中负电荷由质子或铵阳离子补偿。铵阳离子对电子的强烈稳定作用使得质子耦合电子转移变为上坡过程,并产生了空气稳定的持久性氮化碳自由基。在光充电程度较小的氮化碳中,质子不会稳定电子,这导致电荷自发转移到氧化剂上。质子耦合电子转移是光催化氧化还原级联反应——苄胺四聚化的关键步骤。通过调节氮化碳的光充电程度、抗衡离子类型和温度,可以调控质子耦合电子转移的可行性。