Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin Jie Kou Wai St., Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
Behav Res Methods. 2024 Apr;56(4):3685-3705. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02304-0. Epub 2023 Dec 21.
Bidirectional relations have long been of interest in psychology and other social behavioral sciences. In recent years, the widespread use of intensive longitudinal data has provided new opportunities to examine dynamic bidirectional relations between variables. However, most previous studies have focused on the effect of one variable on the other (i.e., cross-lagged effects) rather than the overall effect representing the dynamic interplay between two variables (i.e., feedback effects), which we believe may be due to a lack of relevant methodological guidance. To quantify bidirectional relations as a whole, this study attempted to provide guidance for the estimation and interpretation of feedback effects based on dynamic structural equation models. First, we illustrated the estimation procedure for the average and person-specific feedback effects. Then, to facilitate the interpretation of feedback effects, we established an empirical benchmark by quantitatively synthesizing the results of relevant empirical studies. Finally, we used a set of empirical data to demonstrate how feedback effects can help (a) test theories based on bidirectional relations and (b) reveal correlates of individual differences in bidirectional relations. We also discussed the broad application prospects of feedback effects from a dynamic systems perspective. This study provides guidance for applied researchers interested in further examining feedback effects in bidirectional relations, and the shift from focusing on cross-lagged effects only to a comprehensive consideration of feedback effects may provide new insights into the study of bidirectional relations.
双向关系一直是心理学和其他社会行为科学感兴趣的话题。近年来，密集纵向数据的广泛应用为研究变量之间的动态双向关系提供了新的机会。然而，大多数先前的研究都集中在一个变量对另一个变量的影响上（即交叉滞后效应），而不是代表两个变量之间动态相互作用的整体效应（即反馈效应），我们认为这可能是由于缺乏相关的方法学指导。为了全面量化双向关系，本研究试图基于动态结构方程模型为反馈效应的估计和解释提供指导。首先，我们说明了平均和个体特定反馈效应的估计过程。然后，为了便于反馈效应的解释，我们通过定量综合相关实证研究的结果建立了一个经验基准。最后，我们使用一组经验数据来说明反馈效应如何帮助（a）基于双向关系检验理论，以及（b）揭示双向关系中个体差异的相关性。我们还从动态系统的角度讨论了反馈效应的广泛应用前景。本研究为有兴趣进一步研究双向关系中反馈效应的应用研究人员提供了指导，从仅关注交叉滞后效应转变为全面考虑反馈效应，可能为双向关系的研究提供新的见解。
