Institute of Allergology IFA Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2024 May;38(5):812-820. doi: 10.1111/jdv.19745. Epub 2023 Dec 22.
The stratum corneum (SC)-the outermost layer of the epidermis-is the principal permeability and protective barrier of the skin. Different components of the SC, including corneocytes, natural moisturizing factor, a variety of enzymes and their inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides and lipids, work interactively to maintain barrier function. The main barrier properties of the SC are the limitation of water loss and the prevention of infection and contact with potentially harmful exogenous factors. Although the SC functions consistently as a protective barrier throughout the body, variations in functions and morphology occur across body sites with age and skin type. Healthy SC function also depends on the interplay between the chemosensory barrier, the skin's microbiome and the innate immune system. Dysregulation of SC barrier function can lead to the development of skin disorders, such as dry, flaky or sensitive skin, but the complete underlying pathophysiology of these are not fully understood. This review provides insight into the current literature and emerging themes related to epidermal barrier changes that occur in the context of dry, flaky and sensitive skin. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the underlying aetiology of dry, flaky and sensitive skin and to provide tailored treatment.
表皮的最外层是角质层（SC），是皮肤的主要渗透和保护屏障。SC 的不同成分，包括角质细胞、天然保湿因子、各种酶及其抑制剂、抗菌肽和脂质，相互作用以维持屏障功能。SC 的主要屏障特性是限制水分流失，防止感染和接触潜在的有害外源性因素。尽管 SC 在整个身体中始终如一地发挥保护屏障的作用，但随着年龄和皮肤类型的不同，其功能和形态会发生变化。健康的 SC 功能还取决于化学感觉屏障、皮肤微生物组和先天免疫系统之间的相互作用。SC 屏障功能失调可导致皮肤疾病的发展，如干燥、片状或敏感皮肤，但这些疾病的完整潜在病理生理学尚未完全了解。本文综述了有关干燥、片状和敏感皮肤背景下发生的表皮屏障变化的当前文献和新兴主题，需要进一步的研究来阐明干燥、片状和敏感皮肤的潜在病因，并提供针对性的治疗。
