Migdanis Athanasios, Migdanis Ioannis, Papadopoulou Sousana K, Hadjivasiliou Laoura, Trifonova Nevena, Villioti Maria, Giaginis Constantinos, Kosti Rena I, Androutsos Odysseas
Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GRC.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GRC.
Cureus. 2023 Dec 6;15(12):e50068. doi: 10.7759/cureus.50068. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Opioid dependence is often associated with impaired nutritional status, weight changes, nutritional deficiencies, and increased sugar consumption. Scientific quantified data on the dietary habits and intake of such patients are sparse.
This was a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted among 60 male and female former heroin addicts, who sought detoxification at the OKANA replacement therapy unit, in a public university hospital. All patients were treated for their addiction with buprenorfine/naloxone in combination with counseling. With the use of an administered questionnaire, several parameters were assessed and recorded, including nutritional habits, anthropometric characteristics, recent weight and medical history, and physical activity level of the participants. Additionally, a three-day dietary recall was performed and quantified with the aid of nutritional analysis software. The results were compared with the macronutrient requirements, calculated total energy expenditure, and the population reference intake (PRI) of the participants. Finally, the level of compliance of the participants to the Mediterranean diet model was assessed using the Mediterranean diet score tool.
The vast majority of the participants (77%) had a normal BMI of 18.5-25, and 15% were categorized as underweight (<18.5). Furthermore, 63% of the patients reported a mean unintended weight reduction of 9 kg over the last three months. Regarding mean energy and protein intake, no significant differences between reported intake and calculated requirements were recorded. Sugar consumption was high since it reached 20% of the total energy intake. Micronutrient intake was significantly lower for vitamins K, E, and C and potassium compared with the PRI (p=0.034, p=0.001, p=0.046, and p=0.001, respectively). Finally, a low adherence of the participants to the Mediterranean diet model was observed since 38% scored ≤15 and 62% ≤ 30 on the Mediterranean diet score tool.
According to the results of the study, the general nutritional status of this category of patients seems to be impaired, presenting an apparent weight reduction and an inadequate intake of some micronutrients and displaying disturbed eating behaviors. Further data on the field are required to build a future evidence base. Dietary assessment and individualized nutritional counseling, when necessary, might need to be incorporated into the typical clinical management of this patient category to avoid nutritional deficiencies and improve the withdrawal process.
阿片类药物依赖常与营养状况受损、体重变化、营养缺乏及糖分摄入增加有关。关于此类患者饮食习惯和摄入量的科学量化数据稀少。
这是一项横断面研究。研究在一所公立大学医院的OKANA替代疗法科室对60名寻求戒毒的男女前海洛因成瘾者中进行。所有患者均接受丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮联合咨询治疗成瘾。通过使用一份调查问卷，评估并记录了多个参数，包括营养习惯、人体测量特征、近期体重和病史以及参与者的身体活动水平。此外，进行了为期三天的饮食回顾，并借助营养分析软件进行量化。将结果与参与者的宏量营养素需求、计算出的总能量消耗以及人群参考摄入量（PRI）进行比较。最后，使用地中海饮食评分工具评估参与者对地中海饮食模式的依从程度。
绝大多数参与者（77%）的BMI正常，为18.5 - 25，15%被归类为体重过轻（<18.5）。此外，63%的患者报告在过去三个月平均意外减重9千克。关于平均能量和蛋白质摄入量，报告摄入量与计算出的需求量之间未记录到显著差异。糖分摄入量很高，达到总能量摄入的20%。与PRI相比，维生素K、E、C和钾的微量营养素摄入量显著较低（分别为p = 0.034、p = 0.001、p = 0.046和p = 0.001）。最后，观察到参与者对地中海饮食模式的依从性较低，因为在地中海饮食评分工具上，38%的人得分≤15，62%的人得分≤3了。
根据研究结果，这类患者的总体营养状况似乎受损，出现明显体重减轻、一些微量营养素摄入不足且饮食行为紊乱。需要该领域的更多数据来建立未来的证据基础。必要时，饮食评估和个体化营养咨询可能需要纳入这类患者的典型临床管理中，以避免营养缺乏并改善戒毒过程。
