Cosci Ilaria, Del Fiore Paolo, Mocellin Simone, Ferlin Alberto
Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Dec 31;16(1):201. doi: 10.3390/cancers16010201.
Sarcomas, uncommon malignancies, stem from mesenchymal tissues, distinct from epithelial tissues, originating in the embryonic mesodermal layer. These sarcomas have been categorized as either bone or soft tissue sarcomas, depending on their originating tissue. The majority of sarcomas occur sporadically with their etiology being unknown, but there are several, well-established genetic predisposition syndromes and some environmental exposures associated with specific sarcomas. Recently, many studies have shown that sarcomas, in analogy with colorectal, skin, head and neck, esophageal, lung, and liver carcinomas, also have a male sex predilection. Significant gender differences have already been observed in childhood sarcomas. Among the tumors strongly associated with the male sex, childhood sarcomas have been identified as being particularly sensitive to the biological differences between the sexes, with special regard to soft tissue sarcomas. As the biological mechanisms underlying the sex differences in the incidence of soft tissue sarcomas remain largely unexplored, this review aims to highlight the factors underlying these differences to inform prevention and treatment.
肉瘤是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，起源于间充质组织，与上皮组织不同，起源于胚胎中胚层。根据其起源组织，这些肉瘤可分为骨肉瘤或软组织肉瘤。大多数肉瘤是散发性的，其病因尚不清楚，但有几种已明确的遗传易感性综合征以及一些与特定肉瘤相关的环境暴露因素。最近，许多研究表明，与结直肠癌、皮肤癌、头颈癌、食管癌、肺癌和肝癌类似，肉瘤也有男性偏好。在儿童肉瘤中已经观察到显著的性别差异。在与男性密切相关的肿瘤中，儿童肉瘤已被确定对性别之间的生物学差异特别敏感，尤其是软组织肉瘤。由于软组织肉瘤发病率性别差异背后的生物学机制在很大程度上仍未得到探索，本综述旨在强调这些差异背后的因素，以为预防和治疗提供参考。
