Getzmann Stephan, Reiser Julian E, Karthaus Melanie, Rudinger Georg, Wascher Edmund
IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
Uzbonn - Society for Empirical Social Research and Evaluation, Bonn, Germany.
Front Neuroergon. 2021 Sep 14;2:729197. doi: 10.3389/fnrgo.2021.729197. eCollection 2021.
The EEG reflects mental processes, especially modulations in the alpha and theta frequency bands are associated with attention and the allocation of mental resources. EEG has also been used to study mental processes while driving, both in real environments and in virtual reality. However, conventional EEG methods are of limited use outside of controlled laboratory settings. While modern EEG technologies offer hardly any restrictions for the user, they often still have limitations in measurement reliability. We recently showed that low-density EEG methods using film-based round the ear electrodes (cEEGrids) are well-suited to map mental processes while driving a car in a driving simulator. In the present follow-up study, we explored aspects of ecological and internal validity of the cEEGrid measurements. We analyzed longitudinal data of 127 adults, who drove the same driving course in a virtual environment twice at intervals of 12-15 months while the EEG was recorded. Modulations in the alpha and theta frequency bands as well as within behavioral parameters (driving speed and steering wheel angular velocity) which were highly consistent over the two measurement time points were found to reflect the complexity of the driving task. At the intraindividual level, small to moderate (albeit significant) correlations were observed in about 2/3 of the participants, while other participants showed significant deviations between the two measurements. Thus, the test-retest reliability at the intra-individual level was rather low and challenges the value of the application for diagnostic purposes. However, across all participants the reliability and ecological validity of cEEGrid electrodes were satisfactory in the context of driving-related parameters.
脑电图反映心理过程，尤其是阿尔法和西塔频段的调制与注意力及心理资源分配有关。脑电图也被用于研究驾驶过程中的心理过程，包括在真实环境和虚拟现实中。然而，传统的脑电图方法在受控实验室环境之外的用途有限。虽然现代脑电图技术对用户几乎没有任何限制，但它们在测量可靠性方面往往仍有局限性。我们最近表明，使用基于薄膜的耳周电极（cEEGrids）的低密度脑电图方法非常适合在驾驶模拟器中驾驶汽车时映射心理过程。在本后续研究中，我们探讨了cEEGrid测量的生态效度和内部效度方面。我们分析了127名成年人的纵向数据，他们在虚拟环境中以12至15个月的间隔两次驾驶相同的驾驶路线，同时记录脑电图。发现在两个测量时间点上高度一致的阿尔法和西塔频段调制以及行为参数（驾驶速度和方向盘角速度）反映了驾驶任务的复杂性。在个体内部层面，约三分之二的参与者观察到小到中等程度（尽管显著） 的相关性，而其他参与者在两次测量之间表现出显著差异。因此，个体内部层面的重测信度相当低，这对其用于诊断目的的价值提出了挑战。然而，在与驾驶相关的参数方面，cEEGrid电极在所有参与者中的可靠性和生态效度是令人满意的。
