Glatthardt Thaís, Lima Rayssa Durães, de Mattos Raquel Monteiro, Ferreira Rosana Barreto Rocha
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Jan 4;13(1):49. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010049.
The skin is the largest human organ and is responsible for many important functions, such as temperature regulation, water transport, and protection from external insults. It is colonized by several microorganisms that interact with each other and with the host, shaping the microbial structure and community dynamics. Through these interactions, the skin microbiota can inhibit pathogens through several mechanisms such as the production of bacteriocins, proteases, phenol soluble modulins (PSMs), and fermentation. Furthermore, these commensals can produce molecules with antivirulence activity, reducing the potential of these pathogens to adhere to and invade human tissues. Microorganisms of the skin microbiota are also able to sense molecules from the environment and shape their behavior in response to these signals through the modulation of gene expression. Additionally, microbiota-derived compounds can affect pathogen gene expression, including the expression of virulence determinants. Although most studies related to microbial interactions in the skin have been directed towards elucidating competition mechanisms, microorganisms can also use the products of other species to their benefit. In this review, we will discuss several mechanisms through which microorganisms interact in the skin and the biotechnological applications of products originating from the skin microbiota that have already been reported in the literature.
皮肤是人体最大的器官，负责许多重要功能，如体温调节、水分运输以及抵御外界侵害。它定殖有多种微生物，这些微生物相互作用并与宿主相互作用，塑造着微生物结构和群落动态。通过这些相互作用，皮肤微生物群可通过多种机制抑制病原体，如产生细菌素、蛋白酶、酚溶性调节素（PSMs）以及进行发酵。此外，这些共生菌可产生具有抗毒力活性的分子，降低这些病原体黏附和侵入人体组织的可能性。皮肤微生物群的微生物还能够感知来自环境的分子，并通过调节基因表达来响应这些信号，从而塑造它们的行为。此外，微生物群衍生的化合物可影响病原体基因表达，包括毒力决定因素的表达。尽管大多数关于皮肤微生物相互作用的研究都旨在阐明竞争机制，但微生物也可以利用其他物种的产物为自身谋利。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论微生物在皮肤中相互作用的几种机制以及文献中已报道的源自皮肤微生物群的产物的生物技术应用。
