De la Corte-Rodriguez Hortensia, Roman-Belmonte Juan M, Resino-Luis Cristina, Madrid-Gonzalez Jorge, Rodriguez-Merchan Emerito Carlos
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Jan 18;12(2):242. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12020242.
The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the effects of physical exercise in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain and can aggravate it. For the management of musculoskeletal pain, physical exercise is an effective, cheap, and safe therapeutic option, given that it does not produce the adverse effects of pharmacological treatments or invasive techniques. In addition to its analgesic capacity, physical exercise has an effect on other pain-related areas, such as sleep quality, activities of daily living, quality of life, physical function, and emotion. In general, even during periods of acute pain, maintaining a minimum level of physical activity can be beneficial. Programs that combine several of the various exercise modalities (aerobic, strengthening, flexibility, and balance), known as multicomponent exercise, can be more effective and better adapted to clinical conditions. For chronic pain, the greatest benefits typically occur with programs performed at light-to-moderate intensity and at a frequency of two to three times per week for at least 4 weeks. Exercise programs should be tailored to the specific needs of each patient based on clinical guidelines and World Health Organization recommendations. Given that adherence to physical exercise is a major problem, it is important to empower patients and facilitate lifestyle change. There is strong evidence of the analgesic effect of physical exercise in multiple pathologies, such as in osteoarthritis, chronic low back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia.
本文旨在对体育锻炼在慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛治疗中的作用进行叙述性综述。缺乏体育活动和久坐行为与慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛相关，且会加重疼痛。对于肌肉骨骼疼痛的管理，体育锻炼是一种有效、廉价且安全的治疗选择，因为它不会产生药物治疗或侵入性技术的不良反应。除了具有镇痛能力外，体育锻炼还对其他与疼痛相关的领域有影响，如睡眠质量、日常生活活动能力、生活质量、身体功能和情绪。一般来说，即使在急性疼痛期间，保持最低水平的体育活动也可能有益。结合多种运动方式（有氧运动、力量训练、柔韧性训练和平衡训练）的项目，即所谓的多组分运动，可能更有效且更适合临床情况。对于慢性疼痛，最大的益处通常出现在以轻度至中度强度进行、每周两到三次且至少持续4周的项目中。运动项目应根据临床指南和世界卫生组织的建议，针对每个患者的具体需求进行定制。鉴于坚持体育锻炼是一个主要问题，增强患者能力并促进生活方式改变很重要。有强有力的证据表明体育锻炼对多种病症具有镇痛作用，如骨关节炎、慢性下腰痛、类风湿关节炎和纤维肌痛。
