Li Liwen, Shen Yining, Tang Zhongmin, Yang Yuwen, Fu Zi, Ni Dalong, Cai Xiaojun
Department of Ultrasound in Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai People's Republic of China.
Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin USA.
Exploration (Beijing). 2023 Jul 20;3(6):20220148. doi: 10.1002/EXP.20220148. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, and is associated with a high risk of death. Many pathological changes happen in the process of AKI, including crucial alterations to oxidative stress levels. Numerous efforts have thus been made to develop effective medicines to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, researchers have encountered several significant challenges, including unspecific biodistribution, high biotoxicity, and in vivo instability. To address these problems, engineered nanoparticles have been developed to target oxidative stress and treat AKI. This review thoroughly discusses the methods that empower nanodrugs to specifically target the glomerular filtration barrier and presents the latest achievements in engineering novel ROS-scavenging nanodrugs in clustered sections. The analysis of each study's breakthroughs and imperfections visualizes the progress made in developing effective nanodrugs with specific biodistribution and oxidative stress-targeting capabilities. This review fills the blank of a comprehensive outline over current progress in applying nanotechnology to treat AKI, providing potential insights for further research.
急性肾损伤（AKI）是一种以肾功能迅速衰退为特征的临床综合征，且与高死亡风险相关。在急性肾损伤过程中会发生许多病理变化，包括氧化应激水平的关键改变。因此，人们已做出诸多努力来开发有效的药物以清除过量的活性氧（ROS）。然而，研究人员遇到了几个重大挑战，包括非特异性生物分布、高生物毒性和体内不稳定性。为了解决这些问题，已开发出工程纳米颗粒来靶向氧化应激并治疗急性肾损伤。本综述全面讨论了使纳米药物能够特异性靶向肾小球滤过屏障的方法，并在多个章节介绍了工程化新型ROS清除纳米药物的最新成果。对每项研究的突破和不足之处的分析展现了在开发具有特定生物分布和氧化应激靶向能力的有效纳米药物方面所取得的进展。本综述填补了纳米技术应用于治疗急性肾损伤当前进展全面概述的空白，为进一步研究提供了潜在的见解。
