McDaniel Cassandra, Simsek M Fethullah, Chandel Angad Singh, Özbudak Ertuğrul M
Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Systems Biology and Physiology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Sci Adv. 2024 Jan 26;10(4):eadk8937. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8937.
Spatiotemporal patterns widely occur in biological, chemical, and physical systems. Particularly, embryonic development displays a diverse gamut of repetitive patterns established in many tissues and organs. Branching treelike structures in lungs, kidneys, livers, pancreases, and mammary glands as well as digits and bones in appendages, teeth, and palates are just a few examples. A fascinating instance of repetitive patterning is the sequential segmentation of the primary body axis, which is conserved in all vertebrates and many arthropods and annelids. In these species, the body axis elongates at the posterior end of the embryo containing an unsegmented tissue. Meanwhile, segments sequentially bud off from the anterior end of the unsegmented tissue, laying down an exquisite repetitive pattern and creating a segmented body plan. In vertebrates, the paraxial mesoderm is sequentially divided into somites. In this review, we will discuss the most prominent models, the most puzzling experimental data, and outstanding questions in vertebrate somite segmentation.
时空模式广泛存在于生物、化学和物理系统中。特别是，胚胎发育在许多组织和器官中展现出各种各样的重复模式。肺、肾、肝、胰腺和乳腺中的分支树状结构，以及附肢、牙齿和腭中的指骨和骨骼，仅为其中几个例子。重复模式形成的一个引人入胜的例子是主体轴的顺序分割，这在所有脊椎动物以及许多节肢动物和环节动物中都是保守的。在这些物种中，身体轴在胚胎后端包含未分割组织的部位伸长。与此同时，节段从未分割组织的前端依次长出，形成一种精致的重复模式，并产生分段的身体结构。在脊椎动物中，轴旁中胚层被依次分割成体节。在本综述中，我们将讨论脊椎动物体节分割中最突出的模型、最令人困惑的实验数据以及悬而未决的问题。
