State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study (ZIAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Nat Rev Chem. 2024 Mar;8(3):179-194. doi: 10.1038/s41570-024-00576-4. Epub 2024 Feb 9.
DNA computing and DNA data storage are emerging fields that are unlocking new possibilities in information technology and diagnostics. These approaches use DNA molecules as a computing substrate or a storage medium, offering nanoscale compactness and operation in unconventional media (including aqueous solutions, water-in-oil microemulsions and self-assembled membranized compartments) for applications beyond traditional silicon-based computing systems. To build a functional DNA computer that can process and store molecular information necessitates the continued development of strategies for computing and data storage, as well as bridging the gap between these fields. In this Review, we explore how DNA can be leveraged in the context of DNA computing with a focus on neural networks and compartmentalized DNA circuits. We also discuss emerging approaches to the storage of data in DNA and associated topics such as the writing, reading, retrieval and post-synthesis editing of DNA-encoded data. Finally, we provide insights into how DNA computing can be integrated with DNA data storage and explore the use of DNA for near-memory computing for future information technology and health analysis applications.
DNA 计算和 DNA 数据存储是新兴领域，它们为信息技术和诊断学领域带来了新的可能。这些方法将 DNA 分子用作计算基质或存储介质，在包括水相溶液、油包水微乳液和自组装膜化隔室等非常规介质中提供纳米级紧凑性和操作，适用于超越传统硅基计算系统的应用。为了构建能够处理和存储分子信息的功能性 DNA 计算机，需要不断开发计算和数据存储策略，并弥合这些领域之间的差距。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了 DNA 如何在 DNA 计算的背景下得到利用，重点是神经网络和分隔 DNA 电路。我们还讨论了 DNA 数据存储的新兴方法以及与 DNA 编码数据的写入、读取、检索和合成后编辑相关的主题。最后，我们深入探讨了 DNA 计算如何与 DNA 数据存储相结合，并探索了 DNA 在未来信息技术和健康分析应用中近存计算的应用。
