Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
Molecules. 2024 Jan 30;29(3):636. doi: 10.3390/molecules29030636.
In recent years, nanocarriers have played an ever-increasing role in clinical and biomedical applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties and surface functionalities. Lately, much effort has been directed towards the development of smart, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that are capable of releasing their cargos in response to specific stimuli. These intelligent-responsive nanocarriers can be further surface-functionalized so as to achieve active tumor targeting in a sequential manner, which can be simply modulated by the stimuli. By applying this methodological approach, these intelligent-responsive nanocarriers can be directed to different target-specific organs, tissues, or cells and exhibit on-demand controlled drug release that may enhance therapeutic effectiveness and reduce systemic toxicity. Light, an external stimulus, is one of the most promising triggers for use in nanomedicine to stimulate on-demand drug release from nanocarriers. Light-triggered drug release can be achieved through light irradiation at different wavelengths, either in the UV, visible, or even NIR region, depending on the photophysical properties of the photo-responsive molecule embedded in the nanocarrier system, the structural characteristics, and the material composition of the nanocarrier system. In this review, we highlighted the emerging functional role of light in nanocarriers, with an emphasis on light-responsive liposomes and dual-targeted stimuli-responsive liposomes. Moreover, we provided the most up-to-date photo-triggered targeting strategies and mechanisms of light-triggered drug release from liposomes and NIR-responsive nanocarriers. Lastly, we addressed the current challenges, advances, and future perspectives for the deployment of light-responsive liposomes in targeted drug delivery and therapy.
近年来，由于具有独特的物理化学性质和表面功能，纳米载体在临床和生物医学应用中发挥着越来越重要的作用。最近，人们致力于开发智能、响应性的纳米载体，使其能够响应特定刺激释放其货物。这些智能响应型纳米载体可以进一步进行表面功能化，以顺序方式实现主动肿瘤靶向，这可以通过刺激简单地调节。通过应用这种方法学方法，这些智能响应型纳米载体可以被引导到不同的靶特异性器官、组织或细胞，并表现出按需控制的药物释放，这可能提高治疗效果并降低全身毒性。光作为一种外部刺激，是用于纳米医学中刺激纳米载体按需药物释放的最有前途的触发因素之一。光触发药物释放可以通过不同波长的光照射来实现，无论是在紫外、可见还是近红外区域，这取决于嵌入纳米载体系统中的光响应分子的光物理性质、纳米载体系统的结构特征和材料组成。在这篇综述中，我们强调了光在纳米载体中新兴的功能作用，重点介绍了光响应脂质体和双靶向刺激响应脂质体。此外，我们提供了最新的光触发靶向策略和从脂质体和近红外响应纳米载体中光触发药物释放的机制。最后，我们讨论了在靶向药物输送和治疗中部署光响应脂质体的当前挑战、进展和未来展望。
