Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Emniyet, Taç Sokağı No. 3, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06330, Turkey.
Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Molecules. 2024 Feb 5;29(3):733. doi: 10.3390/molecules29030733.
Biological activities of six under-utilized medicinal leafy vegetable plants indigenous to Africa, ., , , , , and , were investigated via two independent techniques. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined, and six microtiter plate assays were applied after extraction and fractionation. Three were antioxidant assays, ., ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reduction antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, and the others were enzyme (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase) inhibition assays. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity from all the methods were obtained from polar and medium polar fractions of and . The highest acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition was exhibited by polar fractions of , and , the latter comparable to galantamine. The highest tyrosinase inhibition was observed in the -butanol fraction of and ethyl acetate fraction of assay results of the different extracts and fractions were mostly in agreement with the bioactivity profiling via high-performance thin-layer chromatography-multi-imaging-effect-directed analysis, exploiting nine different planar assays. Several separated compounds of the plant extracts showed antioxidant, glucosidase, amylase, acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase-inhibiting, Gram-positive/-negative antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activities. A prominent apolar bioactive compound zone was tentatively assigned to fatty acids, in particular linolenic acid, via electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The detected antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potentials of these vegetable plants, in particular , and , may validate some of their ethnomedicinal uses.
六种非洲本土药用叶菜植物的生物活性，，，，，，和，，，通过两种独立的技术进行了研究。测定了总酚含量（TPC），并在提取和分级后应用了六种微量板测定法。其中三种是抗氧化测定法，，，铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP），铜还原抗氧化能力（CUPRAC）和 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）清除，其余三种是酶（乙酰胆碱酯酶，丁酰胆碱酯酶和酪氨酸酶）抑制测定法。从 和 的极性和中等极性部分获得了所有方法中最高的 TPC 和抗氧化活性。最高的乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用是由 ， 和 的极性部分表现出的，后者与加兰他敏相当。在 和 的 -丁醇部分和 的乙酸乙酯部分观察到最高的酪氨酸酶抑制作用。不同提取物和级分的测定结果大多与高效薄层色谱-多成像效应导向分析的生物活性分析一致，利用了九种不同的平面测定法。植物提取物的几种分离化合物表现出抗氧化，葡萄糖苷酶，淀粉酶，乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制，革兰氏阳性/阴性抗菌，细胞毒性和遗传毒性活性。通过电喷雾电离高分辨率质谱法，推测一个突出的非极性生物活性化合物区是脂肪酸，特别是亚油酸。这些蔬菜植物，特别是 和 的抗氧化，抗菌，抗糖尿病，抗胆碱酯酶，细胞毒性和遗传毒性潜力，可能验证了它们一些传统医学用途。
