University of Texas at Austin, Department of Sociology & Population Research Center, Austin, Texas, USA.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Sleep Health. 2024 Jun;10(3):302-307. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.12.008. Epub 2024 Feb 24.
Similar to women overall, Black women are socialized to be communal and "self-sacrificing," but unlike women from other racial/ethnic backgrounds, Black women are also socialized to be "strong" and "invulnerable." This phenomenon is labeled Superwoman schema. This study examined associations between Superwoman schema endorsement and subjective sleep quality.
Participants included 405 Black women (ages 30-46). Superwoman schema was measured using a 35-item scale capturing five dimensions: obligation to present strength, suppress emotions, resistance to vulnerability, motivation to succeed, and obligation to help others. Superwoman schema overall and the five dimensions/subscales were analyzed. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to investigate overall subjective sleep quality (range: 0-19), poor sleep quality (PSQI >5), and specific sleep domains (eg, sleep duration, sleep disturbances). We fit linear and binary logistic regression models, adjusting for health-related and sociodemographic factors.
Superwoman schema dimension obligation to help others was associated with lower overall subjective sleep quality (β: .81, 95%CI=0.29, 1.32) and poor sleep quality (OR: 1.55, 95%CI=1.10, 2.19), as well as bad subjective sleep quality (OR: 1.76, 95%CI=1.18, 2.66), sleep disturbances (β: .73, 95%CI =0.07, 1.41), and daytime sleepiness (OR: 2.01, 95%CI=1.25, 3.26). Suppress emotions (OR: 1.41, 95%CI=1.01, 1.99) was associated with poor subjective sleep quality. Superwoman schema overall was associated with daytime sleepiness (OR: 2.01, 95%CI=1.06, 3.82).
Superwoman schema endorsement, especially obligation to help others and suppress emotions, may be important psychosocial risk factors for Black women's sleep health.
与其他女性一样，黑人女性也被社会化要求具有社交性和“自我牺牲精神”，但与其他种族/族裔背景的女性不同，黑人女性也被社会化要求具有“坚强”和“坚不可摧”的特质。这种现象被称为“女强人模式”。本研究探讨了女强人模式的认可与主观睡眠质量之间的关联。
参与者包括 405 名黑人女性（年龄 30-46 岁）。使用 35 项量表来衡量女强人模式，该量表涵盖五个维度：表现出坚强的义务、抑制情绪、抵御脆弱、成功的动机和帮助他人的义务。分析了女强人模式的整体情况以及五个维度/子量表。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）来调查整体主观睡眠质量（范围：0-19）、睡眠质量差（PSQI＞5）以及特定睡眠领域（例如，睡眠时间、睡眠障碍）。我们拟合了线性和二项逻辑回归模型，同时调整了与健康相关的和社会人口学因素。
帮助他人的义务这一女强人模式维度与较低的整体主观睡眠质量（β：0.81，95%CI=0.29，1.32）和较差的睡眠质量（OR：1.55，95%CI=1.10，2.19），以及较差的主观睡眠质量（OR：1.76，95%CI=1.18，2.66）、睡眠障碍（β：0.73，95%CI=0.07，1.41）和日间嗜睡（OR：2.01，95%CI=1.25，3.26）有关。抑制情绪（OR：1.41，95%CI=1.01，1.99）与较差的主观睡眠质量有关。女强人模式整体与日间嗜睡（OR：2.01，95%CI=1.06，3.82）有关。
女强人模式的认可，尤其是帮助他人和抑制情绪的义务，可能是黑人女性睡眠健康的重要社会心理风险因素。
