Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2024;187:339-380. doi: 10.1007/10_2024_251.
The contamination of food by bacterial pathogens represents a substantial hazard for human and animal health. Therefore, considerable effort is focused on the development of effective methods for monitoring food safety. A current trend in this field is the development of biosensors that can be used in remote food laboratories and even in farms to check food contamination prior to its delivery to consumers or its further processing in the food industry. Among receptors that can recognize proteins or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on bacterial surfaces, aptamers play an important role. An aptamer consists of a single strand of DNA or RNA that folds into a 3D structure when placed in a solution, forming a binding site for the target. This chapter presents an overview of recent achievements in bacterial pathogen detection through the development of electrochemical, optical, and acoustic biosensors based on DNA aptamers. Thus far, these biosensors exhibit good sensitivity and selectivity, comparable with conventional methods currently used in food laboratories. However, these biosensors offer several advantages over conventional methods: they are of low cost, easier to handle, and respond more quickly. Biosensor technology is therefore an important tool for monitoring food safety.
食源性细菌病原体污染对人类和动物健康构成了重大威胁。因此，人们投入了大量精力来开发有效的食品安全监测方法。该领域的一个当前趋势是开发生物传感器，这些传感器可用于远程食品实验室，甚至可在农场中使用，以在将食物交付给消费者或在食品工业中进一步加工之前检查食物污染情况。在能够识别细菌表面上的蛋白质或脂多糖 (LPS) 的受体中，适配体起着重要作用。适配体由单链 DNA 或 RNA 组成，当置于溶液中时会折叠成 3D 结构，从而形成与靶标结合的位点。本章通过开发基于 DNA 适配体的电化学、光学和声学生物传感器，概述了细菌病原体检测方面的最新成就。到目前为止，这些生物传感器表现出良好的灵敏度和选择性，可与当前在食品实验室中使用的常规方法相媲美。但是，与常规方法相比，这些生物传感器具有以下几个优势：成本低、易于操作且响应速度更快。因此，生物传感器技术是监测食品安全的重要工具。
