Norena Arnaud
Centre de recherche en Psychologie et Neuroscience, UMR7077, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France.
Front Psychol. 2024 Feb 14;15:1242516. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1242516. eCollection 2024.
Misophonia is a disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds, often produced by humans but not always, which can trigger intense emotional reactions (anger, disgust etc.). This relatively prevalent disorder can cause a reduction in the quality of life. The causes of misophonia are still unclear. In this article, we develop a hypothesis suggesting that misophonia can be caused by a failure in the organization of the perceived world. The perceived world is the result of both the structure of human thought and the many conditioning factors that punctuate human life, particularly social conditioning. It is made up of abstract symbols that map the world and help humans to orient himself in a potentially dangerous environment. In this context, the role of social rules acquired throughout life is considerable. Table manners, for example, are a set of deeply regulated and controlled behaviors (it's considered impolite to eat with the mouth open and to make noise while eating), which contribute to shape the way the perceived world is organized. So it's not surprising to find sounds from the mouth (chewing etc.) among the most common misophonic sound triggers. Politeness can be seen as an act of obedience to moral rules or courtesy, which is a prerequisite for peaceful social relations. Beyond this example, we also argue that any sound can become a misophonic trigger as long as it is not integrated into the perceived ordered and harmonious world, because it is considered an "anomaly," i.e., a disorder, an immorality or a vulgarity.
恐音症是一种对特定声音耐受性降低的病症,这些声音通常由人类发出,但并非总是如此,它们可能引发强烈的情绪反应(愤怒、厌恶等)。这种相对普遍的病症会导致生活质量下降。恐音症的病因仍不明确。在本文中,我们提出一种假说,认为恐音症可能是由感知世界的组织紊乱引起的。感知世界是人类思维结构和诸多贯穿人类生活的制约因素的结果,尤其是社会制约。它由映射世界并帮助人类在潜在危险环境中定位自己的抽象符号组成。在这种背景下,一生所习得的社会规则的作用相当大。例如,餐桌礼仪是一套受到严格规范和控制的行为(人们认为张嘴吃饭和吃饭时发出声音是不礼貌的),这些行为有助于塑造感知世界的组织方式。因此,在最常见的恐音症声音触发因素中发现来自嘴巴的声音(咀嚼等)也就不足为奇了。礼貌可以被视为对道德规则或礼仪的一种遵守行为,而这是和平社会关系的一个先决条件。除了这个例子,我们还认为,只要任何声音没有融入到有序和谐的感知世界中,就可能成为恐音症的触发因素,因为它被视为一种“异常”,即一种混乱、不道德或粗俗的行为。