Amoadu Mustapha, Ansah Edward Wilson, Sarfo Jacob Owusu
Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
Heliyon. 2024 Feb 22;10(5):e26878. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26878. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.
Improving psychosocial work environment of long-distance bus drivers is essential for their psychological well-being and on-the-road safety. Despite the importance of the work environment of bus drivers, it has received little research attention in Ghana and other developing nations. Hence, this study examined the influence of psychosocial work factors (job demands and job resources) on safety incidents of long-distance bus drivers and how psychological well-being mediates this association.
This cross-sectional survey sampled 7315 long-distance bus drivers who commute from the cities of Accra and Tema to other parts of Ghana and other cities in the West Africa sub-region. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test four hypotheses.
The results suggest that job demands and job resources have direct association with safety incidents of the long-distance bus drivers. The psychological well-being of the bus drivers played a partial mediation role in the association between psychosocial work factors and safety incidents of the drivers.
The job demand-resource model provides a useful model for understanding the impact of the work environment on driving performance among these long-distance bus drivers. Providing the drivers with high job control and supportive work culture can equip and support them to value the critical roles they play in the transport sector. Managers of bus transport companies and individual bus owners should implement effective communication strategies like the bottom-up communication approach, conduct periodic assessments to identify and address drivers' precarious work conditions, create safety on the road, and reduce crashes and associated fatalities.
改善长途巴士司机的心理社会工作环境对于他们的心理健康和行车安全至关重要。尽管巴士司机的工作环境很重要，但在加纳和其他发展中国家，这方面的研究关注较少。因此，本研究考察了心理社会工作因素（工作需求和工作资源）对长途巴士司机安全事故的影响，以及心理健康如何在这种关联中起中介作用。
这项横断面调查对7315名从阿克拉和特马市往返加纳其他地区以及西非次区域其他城市的长途巴士司机进行了抽样。采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）来检验四个假设。
结果表明，工作需求和工作资源与长途巴士司机的安全事故有直接关联。巴士司机的心理健康在心理社会工作因素与司机安全事故之间的关联中起到了部分中介作用。
工作需求-资源模型为理解工作环境对这些长途巴士司机驾驶表现的影响提供了一个有用的模型。为司机提供高度的工作控制权和支持性的工作文化，可以使他们具备并支持他们重视自己在运输部门所发挥的关键作用。巴士运输公司的经理和个体巴士车主应实施有效的沟通策略，如自下而上的沟通方式，定期进行评估以识别和解决司机不稳定的工作条件，营造道路安全环境，减少撞车事故及相关死亡人数。
