Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety (INTRAS), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia.
PeerJ. 2022 Mar 8;10:e13050. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13050. eCollection 2022.
This study investigates the combined effect of the Effort/Reward Imbalance (ERI) model of stress and work intensification within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health (general and work-related fatigue, and psychological strain) of cargo drivers, one of the most demanded workforces during the first year of this pandemic.
For this cross-sectional research, the data provided by = 1,013 professional drivers from the different 17 autonomous communities (regions) of Spain were analyzed. Participants answered a questionnaire composed of the short version of the Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, a Work Intensification Scale (WIS) designed for this study, the fatigue subscale of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS), the Need for Recovery after Work Scale (NFR), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).
Hierarchical regression analyses show that both (ERI and work intensification) models significantly predict driver's fatigue and psychological strain. The effect of work intensification exists above and beyond the effect of effort/reward imbalance, which has been previously related to the safety performance of cargo drivers.
These findings suggest that the ERI and work intensification models can be complementarily used, especially in scenarios introducing substantial changes in the work environment, such as the COVID-19 crisis. Also, the results of this study support the need to intervene in the working conditions of professional drivers in order to improve their psychological health and well-being during both pandemic and post-pandemic times, as crisis-related management interventions are necessary to promote health and safety in professional drivers in potentially similar contexts in the future.
本研究探讨了 COVID-19 大流行背景下，压力的努力-回报失衡（ERI）模型与工作强化的联合效应对货运司机（疫情第一年需求最大的劳动力之一）的心理健康（一般和与工作相关的疲劳以及心理压力）的影响。
这项横断面研究分析了来自西班牙 17 个不同自治区的 1013 名专业司机的数据。参与者回答了一份问卷，其中包括 ERI 问卷的简短版本、为这项研究设计的工作强化量表（WIS）、CIS 疲劳分量表、工作后恢复需求量表（NFR）和一般健康问卷（GHQ）。
分层回归分析表明，这两个（ERI 和工作强化）模型都显著预测了驾驶员的疲劳和心理压力。工作强化的影响存在于努力/回报失衡的影响之上，这与货运司机的安全性能有关。
这些发现表明，ERI 和工作强化模型可以互补使用，特别是在工作环境发生重大变化的情况下，如 COVID-19 危机。此外，这项研究的结果支持需要干预专业司机的工作条件，以在大流行和大流行后时期改善他们的心理健康和幸福感，因为与危机相关的管理干预措施是必要的，以促进未来在潜在类似情况下专业司机的健康和安全。
