College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Mar 4;24(1):685. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18121-9.
Raising the birth rate can effectively increase the resulting labour supply and minimise the adverse impact of an ageing population on high-quality economic development since the demographic dividend is rapidly declining. The Chinese government has a "three-child" policy in place, yet the fertility rate is still falling. This study intends to investigate the present fertility intentions of female university students and assess the extent to which feminism has affected their intentions. It will next investigate the degree to which and the mechanisms by which the psychosocial factors have an impact on those intentions.
A cross-sectional survey of female university students was conducted in Nanjing, China, from February to March 2023. To assure the representativeness of the sample, a technique of stratified proportional sampling, PPS sampling, and convenience sampling was utilized. A total of 1124 valid samples were acquired from female university students in 15 comprehensive universities. The data were mined and analysed by SPSS (version 24.0) and AMOS (version 24.0) software.
Overall female university students' fertility intentions are low at this stage, with more than half (53.55%) of them having no clear desire to have children. The level of feminist identity significantly negatively affected the Intensity of desire to have children (-0.32) and child-number desires (-0.7). Psychosocial factors had a greater degree of influence on fertility intentions. The direct effect of the level of feminist identity and the perception of fertility hindrances on childbearing desires was -0.63 and -0.50 respectively, and the direct effect of the perception of fertility supports on childbearing intentions was 0.79.
The level of feminist identity is significantly and negatively related to childbearing desires. Psychosocial factors have a greater degree of influence on fertility intentions, with the level of feminist identity, the perception of fertility hindrances and the perception of fertility supports all significantly impacting fertility intentions. The findings of this study emphasise the importance of the government providing a full range of social security and employers providing better employee benefits to promote a fertility-friendly society.
提高出生率可以有效增加劳动力供给，减少人口老龄化对高质量经济发展的不利影响，因为人口红利正在迅速减少。中国政府已经实施了“三孩”政策，但生育率仍在下降。本研究旨在调查当前女大学生的生育意愿，并评估女权主义对其意愿的影响程度。接下来，将调查社会心理因素对这些意愿的影响程度和机制。
2023 年 2 月至 3 月，在中国南京对女大学生进行了横断面调查。为了确保样本的代表性，采用了分层比例抽样、PPS 抽样和方便抽样技术。共从 15 所综合性大学的女大学生中获得了 1124 个有效样本。数据由 SPSS（版本 24.0）和 AMOS（版本 24.0）软件挖掘和分析。
现阶段，女大学生的整体生育意愿较低，超过一半（53.55%）的女大学生没有明确的生育意愿。女权主义认同水平显著负向影响生育意愿强度（-0.32）和子女数量愿望（-0.7）。社会心理因素对生育意愿的影响程度更大。女权主义认同水平和生育阻碍感知对生育意愿的直接影响分别为-0.63 和-0.50，生育支持感知对生育意愿的直接影响为 0.79。
女权主义认同水平与生育意愿显著负相关。社会心理因素对生育意愿的影响程度更大，女权主义认同水平、生育阻碍感知和生育支持感知均显著影响生育意愿。本研究结果强调了政府提供全方位社会保障和雇主提供更好员工福利以促进生育友好型社会的重要性。
