Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Apr 15;347:123678. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123678. Epub 2024 Mar 5.
Despite increasing evidence of off-site ecological impacts of pesticides and policy efforts worldwide, pesticide use is still far from being ecologically sustainable. Fungicides are among the most sold classes of pesticides and are crucial to ensure global food supply and security. This study aimed to identify potential gaps of knowledge and mismatches between research and usage data of fungicides by: (i) systematizing the current trends in global sales of fungicides, focusing on the European context in particular (where they are proportionally important); (ii) reviewing the scientific literature on the impacts of synthetic fungicides on non-target freshwater organisms. Sales data revealed important global and regional asymmetries in the relative importance of fungicides and the preferred active ingredients. The literature review on the ecological effects of fungicides disclosed a mismatch between the most studied and the most sold substances, as well as a bias towards the use of single species assays with standard test organisms. To ensure a proper evaluation, risk scenarios should focus on a regional scale, and research agendas must highlight sensitive aquatic ecorreceptors and improve the crosstalk between analytical and sales data.
尽管越来越多的证据表明农药具有场外生态影响，并且全球范围内都在努力制定相关政策，但农药的使用仍然远未达到生态可持续的水平。杀菌剂是销售量最大的农药类别之一，对于确保全球粮食供应和安全至关重要。本研究旨在通过以下方式确定杀菌剂的研究和使用数据之间存在的潜在知识差距和不匹配问题：（i）系统地总结全球杀菌剂销售的当前趋势，特别关注欧洲的情况（在欧洲，杀菌剂的比例非常重要）；（ii）审查关于合成杀菌剂对非靶标淡水生物的影响的科学文献。销售数据显示了杀菌剂在全球和区域范围内的相对重要性和首选活性成分方面存在重要的不对称性。关于杀菌剂生态效应的文献综述揭示了研究最多和销售最多的物质之间存在不匹配，以及对使用标准测试生物的单一物种测定的偏好存在偏差。为了确保进行适当的评估，风险情景应侧重于区域尺度，并且研究议程必须突出敏感的水生生态受体，并改善分析和销售数据之间的交流。
