Mandal Ashok Kumar, Katuwal Saurav, Tettey Felix, Gupta Aakash, Bhattarai Salyan, Jaisi Shankar, Bhandari Devi Prasad, Shah Ajay Kumar, Bhattarai Narayan, Parajuli Niranjan
Natural Product Research Laboratory, Thapathali, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44618, Nepal.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Sep 3;12(17):3066. doi: 10.3390/nano12173066.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have piqued the curiosity of researchers all over the world due to their extensive biological activity. They are less toxic and biodegradable with the capacity to greatly boost pharmacophore bioactivity. ZnO-NPs are the most extensively used metal oxide nanoparticles in electronic and optoelectronics because of their distinctive optical and chemical properties which can be readily modified by altering the morphology and the wide bandgap. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using extracts of therapeutic plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, etc., improves their stability and biocompatibility in many biological settings, and its biofabrication alters its physiochemical behavior, contributing to biological potency. As such, ZnO-NPs can be used as an effective nanocarrier for conventional drugs due to their cost-effectiveness and benefits of being biodegradable and biocompatible. This article covers a comprehensive review of different synthesis approaches of ZnO-NPs including physical, chemical, biochemical, and green synthesis techniques, and also emphasizes their biopotency through antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiviral, wound healing, and cardioprotective activity. Green synthesis from plants, bacteria, and fungus is given special attention, with a particular emphasis on extraction techniques, precursors used for the synthesis and reaction conditions, characterization techniques, and surface morphology of the particles.
氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO-NPs）因其广泛的生物活性而引起了全世界研究人员的关注。它们毒性较小且可生物降解，能够极大地增强药效团的生物活性。由于其独特的光学和化学性质，通过改变形态和宽带隙可以很容易地对其进行修饰，因此ZnO-NPs是电子和光电子领域中使用最广泛的金属氧化物纳米颗粒。使用治疗性植物、真菌、细菌、藻类等的提取物生物合成纳米颗粒，可在许多生物环境中提高其稳定性和生物相容性，并且其生物制造会改变其物理化学行为，从而增强生物效能。因此，由于ZnO-NPs具有成本效益以及可生物降解和生物相容的优点，它们可用作传统药物的有效纳米载体。本文全面综述了ZnO-NPs的不同合成方法，包括物理、化学、生化和绿色合成技术，还通过抗菌、抗真菌、抗癌、抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗氧化、抗病毒、伤口愈合和心脏保护活性强调了它们的生物效能。特别关注了从植物、细菌和真菌进行的绿色合成，尤其着重于提取技术、用于合成的前体和反应条件、表征技术以及颗粒的表面形态。
