Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
PLoS One. 2024 Mar 25;19(3):e0299840. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299840. eCollection 2024.
Women are less likely to have classic cardiovascular risk factors than men, and events during their reproductive and menopausal years may increase hypertension risk. The aim of this study is to examine woman-specific factors, including menstrual, reproductive and pregnancy complications, in relation to the prevalence of hypertension in mid-life Asian women.
This is a cross-sectional study of 1146 healthy women aged 45-69 years, from a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. The women completed an extensive questionnaire that included their sociodemographic details, medical history, lifestyle and physical activity, and reproductive and menopausal history. They also underwent objectively measured physical performance tests and a dual X-ray absorptiometry scan. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 and/or diastolic BP ≥90mm Hg, past diagnosis by a physician, or use of antihypertensive medications. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the independent risk factors for hypertension.
The average age of the 1146 women analysed was 56.3 (SD 6.2) years, and 55.2 percent of them were hypertensive. The prevalence of gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension was 12.6% and 9.4%, respectively. Besides age, abnormal menstrual cycle length at 25 years of age (OR:2.35, CI:1.34-4.13), preeclampsia (OR:2.46, CI:1.06-5.74), increased visceral adiposity (OR:4.21, CI:2.28-7.79) and reduced physical performance (OR:2.83, CI:1.46-5.47) were independently associated with hypertension in Asian women.
Our findings highlight the necessity of including features of menstrual and reproductive history as possible indicators of hypertension risk in cardiovascular disease risk assessment and prevention among Asian women. Reducing visceral adiposity and exercise to improve physical performance may help women avoid developing hypertension.
女性患典型心血管危险因素的可能性低于男性，而生殖和绝经期间的事件可能会增加高血压风险。本研究旨在探讨女性特有的因素，包括月经、生殖和妊娠并发症，与中年亚洲女性高血压的患病率之间的关系。
这是一项对来自多民族亚洲队列的 1146 名 45-69 岁健康女性的横断面研究。这些女性完成了一份详细的问卷，其中包括社会人口统计学细节、病史、生活方式和体力活动以及生殖和绝经史。她们还接受了客观测量的身体表现测试和双 X 射线吸收法扫描。高血压的定义为收缩压≥140 和/或舒张压≥90mmHg、过去由医生诊断或使用抗高血压药物。多变量逻辑回归用于评估高血压的独立危险因素。
在分析的 1146 名女性中，平均年龄为 56.3（SD 6.2）岁，其中 55.2%患有高血压。妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠高血压的患病率分别为 12.6%和 9.4%。除年龄外，25 岁时异常的月经周期长度（OR：2.35，CI：1.34-4.13）、子痫前期（OR：2.46，CI：1.06-5.74）、内脏脂肪增加（OR：4.21，CI：2.28-7.79）和体力活动减少（OR：2.83，CI：1.46-5.47）与亚洲女性的高血压独立相关。
我们的研究结果强调了在亚洲女性的心血管疾病风险评估和预防中，将月经和生殖史的特征纳入高血压风险的可能指标的必要性。减少内脏脂肪和运动以提高身体表现可能有助于女性避免患上高血压。
