Morlett Paredes Alejandra, Tarraf Wassim, Gonzalez Kevin, Stickel Ariana M, Graves Lisa V, Salmon David P, Kaur Sonya S, Gallo Linda C, Isasi Carmen R, Lipton Richard B, Lamar Melissa, Goodman Zachary T, González Hector M
Department of Neurosciences UC San Diego La Jolla California USA.
Institute of Gerontology & Department of Healthcare Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA.
Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2024 Apr 1;16(2):e12573. doi: 10.1002/dad2.12573. eCollection 2024 Apr-Jun.
Executive functioning and processing speed are crucial elements of neuropsychological assessment. To meet the needs of the Hispanic/Latino population, we aimed to provide normative data for the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) test.
The target population for the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging included six heritage backgrounds ( = 6177). Average age was 63.4 ± 8.3 years, 54.5% were female, and mean education was 11.0 ± 4.7 years. Participants were administered the DSS as part of a larger battery. Heritage-adjusted DSS scores, and percentile cut-points were created using survey-adjusted regression and quantile regression models.
Age, education, sex, heritage, and language preference were associated with DSS scores.
Significant correlates of DSS performance should be considered when evaluating cognitive performance. Representative DSS norms for Hispanics/Latinos will advance assessment and accuracy of neurocognitive disorder diagnosis in clinical practice. To facilitate interpretation, we provide norms to reduce test biases and developed an online dashboard.
Normative data for the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) for diverse Hispanic/Latino adults: Results from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) This study is the first to develop norms for the DSS test across four regions of the United States.Factors such as age, education, sex, and Hispanic/Latino heritage and language preference are associated with differences in executive functioning and information processing speed.We created norms and an online dashboard (https://solincalab.shinyapps.io/dsst_shiny/) providing an easily accessible tool to evaluate processing speed and executive functioning in Hispanic/Latino adults.
执行功能和处理速度是神经心理学评估的关键要素。为满足西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群的需求，我们旨在提供数字符号替换（DSS）测试的常模数据。
拉丁裔神经认知衰老研究的目标人群包括六种遗传背景（n = 6177）。平均年龄为63.4±8.3岁，54.5%为女性，平均受教育年限为11.0±4.7年。参与者接受了DSS测试，作为更大一组测试的一部分。使用调查调整回归和分位数回归模型创建了经遗传调整的DSS分数和百分位数切点。
年龄、教育程度、性别、遗传背景和语言偏好与DSS分数相关。
在评估认知表现时，应考虑与DSS表现显著相关的因素。西班牙裔/拉丁裔具有代表性的DSS常模将提高临床实践中神经认知障碍诊断的评估和准确性。为便于解释，我们提供了减少测试偏差的常模，并开发了一个在线仪表板。
不同西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人数字符号替换（DSS）的常模数据：拉丁裔神经认知衰老研究（SOL - INCA）的结果 本研究首次在美国四个地区制定了DSS测试的常模。年龄、教育程度、性别、西班牙裔/拉丁裔遗传背景和语言偏好等因素与执行功能和信息处理速度的差异相关。我们创建了常模和一个在线仪表板（https://solincalab.shinyapps.io/dsst_shiny/），提供了一个易于访问的工具来评估西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人的处理速度和执行功能。
