SARS-CoV-2 的出现与演变。

The Emergence and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2.

机构信息

Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; email:

出版信息

Annu Rev Virol. 2024 Sep;11(1):21-42. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-093022-013037. Epub 2024 Aug 30.

Abstract

The origin of SARS-CoV-2 has evoked heated debate and strong accusations, yet seemingly little resolution. I review the scientific evidence on the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and its subsequent spread through the human population. The available data clearly point to a natural zoonotic emergence within, or closely linked to, the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan. There is no direct evidence linking the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 to laboratory work conducted at the Wuhan Institute of Virology. The subsequent global spread of SARS-CoV-2 was characterized by a gradual adaptation to humans, with dual increases in transmissibility and virulence until the emergence of the Omicron variant. Of note has been the frequent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to other animals, marking it as a strongly host generalist virus. Unless lessons from the origin of SARS-CoV-2 are learned, it is inevitable that more zoonotic events leading to more epidemics and pandemics will plague human populations.

摘要

SARS-CoV-2 的起源引发了激烈的争论和强烈的指责,但似乎没有什么定论。我回顾了 SARS-CoV-2 起源及其在人类中的后续传播的科学证据。现有数据清楚地表明,它是在武汉华南海鲜批发市场内或与之密切相关的地方出现的一种自然人畜共患病。没有直接证据将 SARS-CoV-2 的出现与武汉病毒研究所进行的实验室工作联系起来。SARS-CoV-2 随后在全球范围内的传播特点是逐渐适应人类,传染性和毒力都呈双相增加,直到出现奥密克戎变体。值得注意的是,SARS-CoV-2 经常从人类传播给其他动物,这表明它是一种强烈的宿主广谱病毒。除非从 SARS-CoV-2 的起源中吸取教训,否则更多的人畜共患病事件导致更多的疫情和大流行将困扰人类。

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