Functional specialization of hippocampal somatostatin-expressing interneurons.

Hippocampal somatostatin-expressing () GABAergic interneurons (INs) exhibit considerable anatomical and functional heterogeneity. Recent single-cell transcriptome analyses have provided a comprehensive -IN subpopulations census, a plausible molecular ground truth of neuronal identity whose links to specific functionality remain incomplete. Here, we designed an approach to identify and access subpopulations of -INs based on transcriptomic features. Four mouse models based on single or combinatorial Cre- and Flp- expression differentiated functionally distinct subpopulations of CA1 hippocampal INs that largely tiled the morpho-functional parameter space of the -INs superfamily. Notably, the intersection revealed a population of bistratified INs that preferentially synapsed onto fast-spiking interneurons (FS-INs) and were sufficient to interrupt their firing. In contrast, the intersection identified a population of oriens lacunosum-moleculare INs that predominantly targeted CA1 pyramidal neurons, avoiding FS-INs. Overall, our results provide a framework to translate neuronal transcriptomic identity into discrete functional subtypes that capture the diverse specializations of hippocampal -INs.