School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Chem Rev. 2024 May 8;124(9):5846-5929. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00819. Epub 2024 Apr 24.
Although transition metals constitute less than 0.1% of the total mass within a human body, they have a substantial impact on fundamental biological processes across all kingdoms of life. Indeed, these nutrients play crucial roles in the physiological functions of enzymes, with the redox properties of many of these metals being essential to their activity. At the same time, imbalances in transition metal pools can be detrimental to health. Modern analytical techniques are helping to illuminate the workings of metal homeostasis at a molecular and atomic level, their spatial localization in real time, and the implications of metal dysregulation in disease pathogenesis. Fluorescence microscopy has proven to be one of the most promising non-invasive methods for studying metal pools in biological samples. The accuracy and sensitivity of bioimaging experiments are predominantly determined by the fluorescent metal-responsive sensor, highlighting the importance of rational probe design for such measurements. This review covers activity- and binding-based fluorescent metal sensors that have been applied to cellular studies. We focus on the essential redox-active metals: iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, chromium, and nickel. We aim to encourage further targeted efforts in developing innovative approaches to understanding the biological chemistry of redox-active metals.
尽管过渡金属在人体总质量中仅占不到 0.1%，但它们对所有生命领域的基本生物过程都有着重大影响。事实上，这些营养素在酶的生理功能中起着关键作用，其中许多金属的氧化还原性质对其活性至关重要。同时，过渡金属池的失衡可能对健康有害。现代分析技术正在帮助阐明金属动态平衡在分子和原子水平上的运作方式，以及它们在实时中的空间定位，以及金属失调在疾病发病机制中的影响。荧光显微镜已被证明是研究生物样本中金属池的最有前途的非侵入性方法之一。生物成像实验的准确性和灵敏度主要取决于荧光金属响应传感器，这突出了合理的探针设计对于此类测量的重要性。本综述涵盖了已应用于细胞研究的基于活性和基于结合的荧光金属传感器。我们重点介绍了必需的氧化还原活性金属：铁、铜、锰、钴、铬和镍。我们旨在鼓励进一步有针对性地努力开发创新方法来理解氧化还原活性金属的生物化学。
