Yarbrough Wendell G, Schrank Travis P, Burtness Barbara A, Issaeva Natalia
Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Viruses. 2024 Mar 29;16(4):536. doi: 10.3390/v16040536.
Human papillomavirus-associated (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common HPV-associated cancer in the United States, with a rapid increase in incidence over the last two decades. The burden of HPV+ HNSCC is likely to continue to rise, and given the long latency between infection and the development of HPV+ HNSCC, it is estimated that the effect of the HPV vaccine will not be reflected in HNSCC prevalence until 2060. Efforts have begun to decrease morbidity of standard therapies for this disease, and its improved characterization is being leveraged to identify and target molecular vulnerabilities. Companion biomarkers for new therapies will identify responsive tumors. A more basic understanding of two mechanisms of HPV carcinogenesis in the head and neck has identified subtypes of HPV+ HNSCC that correlate with different carcinogenic programs and that identify tumors with good or poor prognosis. Current development of biomarkers that reliably identify these two subtypes, as well as biomarkers that can detect recurrent disease at an earlier time, will have immediate clinical application.
人乳头瘤病毒相关（HPV+）头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）是美国最常见的HPV相关癌症，在过去二十年中发病率迅速上升。HPV+HNSCC的负担可能会继续增加，而且鉴于从感染到HPV+HNSCC发生之间的潜伏期很长，据估计HPV疫苗的效果要到2060年才会在HNSCC患病率中体现出来。目前已经开始努力降低该疾病标准疗法的发病率，并且正在利用对其更好的特征描述来识别和靶向分子弱点。新疗法的伴随生物标志物将识别出有反应的肿瘤。对头颈部HPV致癌作用的两种机制有了更基本的了解后，已确定了HPV+HNSCC的亚型，这些亚型与不同的致癌程序相关，并能识别预后良好或不良的肿瘤。目前正在开发能够可靠识别这两种亚型的生物标志物，以及能够更早检测复发性疾病的生物标志物，这些将立即具有临床应用价值。
