Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2024 Aug;20(8):474-486. doi: 10.1038/s41574-024-00983-z. Epub 2024 May 1.
Iodine is a micronutrient that is essential for thyroid hormone production. Adequate iodine intake is especially important during pregnancy and early life, when brain development is dependent on thyroid hormones. Iodine intake recommendations vary around the world, but most recommendations generally reflect the increased requirements during pregnancy and lactation, although adequate iodine intake before pregnancy is also important. Tremendous progress has been made in improving iodine intake across the world over the past 30 years, mainly through salt-iodization programmes. However, in countries without strong iodine fortification programmes, and with shifts in dietary patterns, a need has arisen for health organizations, governments and clinicians to ensure that adequate iodine is consumed by everyone in the population. For example, in countries in which adequate iodine intake depends on individual food choice, particularly of iodine-rich milk and dairy products, intake can be highly variable and is also vulnerable to changing dietary patterns. In this Review, iodine is considered in the wider context of the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, the dietary trends for salt restriction for cardiovascular health and the increasing uptake of plant-based diets.
碘是一种必需的微量元素，对甲状腺激素的产生至关重要。在怀孕期间和生命早期，大脑发育依赖于甲状腺激素，因此摄入足够的碘尤为重要。世界各地的碘摄入量建议有所不同，但大多数建议通常反映了怀孕期间和哺乳期的需求增加，尽管在怀孕前摄入足够的碘也很重要。在过去的 30 年中，全世界在改善碘摄入量方面取得了巨大进展，主要通过盐碘化计划。然而，在没有强大的碘强化计划的国家，以及饮食模式的转变，需要卫生组织、政府和临床医生确保每个人都摄入足够的碘。例如，在那些碘摄入量取决于个人食物选择的国家，特别是富含碘的牛奶和奶制品，摄入量可能会有很大差异，并且还容易受到饮食模式变化的影响。在这篇综述中，碘是在超重和肥胖症日益流行、限制盐摄入量以促进心血管健康的饮食趋势以及越来越多的人采用植物性饮食的更广泛背景下进行考虑的。
