Suresh Lakshana, Snega Ramanathan, Geetha Sravanthy P, Saravanan Muthupandian
Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Apr 11;16(4):e58064. doi: 10.7759/cureus.58064. eCollection 2024 Apr.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are widely acknowledged as a significant and pressing public health concern. has been used as a health tonic in traditional medicine since ancient Vedic times. It was also utilized to synthesize small, well-dispersed metal nanoparticles (NPs). The biosynthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) have a broad spectrum of biomedical uses.
The objective of the research was to utilize a green synthesis method to synthesize NiO-NPs using , subsequently characterize, and this study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial effectiveness of these NPs against wound isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs.
The synthesis of NiO-NPs was achieved through the titration method, which is a green synthesis approach, and it was characterized by using techniques such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The antioxidant activity of the NPs was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and antibacterial activity was done using the agar well diffusion method. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21 (Released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) is used for statistical analysis.
The biosynthesized NiO-NPs exhibited a color change from dark brown to dark green, indicating the successful reduction of the NPs. UV analysis peaks were observed at 310-350 nm, while FT-IR analysis showed the peaks at various wavelengths such as 629.31cm(halo compound; C-Br stretching), 957.80cm(aromatic phosphates; P-O-C stretch), 1004.65cm (aliphatic phosphates; P-O-C stretch), 1094.93cm(organic siloxane or silicone; Si-O-Si), 1328.38cm(dialkyl/aryl sulfones), 1604.88cm(open-chain azo-N=N-), 2928.68cm (methylene C-H asym/sym stretch), 3268.65cm(normal polymeric "OH" stretch). The crystallinity of the NPs was determined to be 24.7%, while the remaining 75.6% exhibited an amorphous structure. The SEM image revealed a spherically agglomerated structure of the nano-ranged size NiO-NPs. The EDX analysis indicated the presence of elemental compositions Ni (7.4%), O (39.4%), and C (53.3%) in the biosynthesized NiO-NPs. These NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against and , moderate antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and the lowest antibacterial activity against .
Our in vitro results demonstrate that the biosynthesized NiO-NPs exhibit significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity. These NPs can be used as a future antimicrobial medication, particularly against MDR clinical wound isolates of and MRSA.
多重耐药（MDR）细菌被广泛认为是一个重大且紧迫的公共卫生问题。自吠陀时代以来，它就在传统医学中被用作滋补品。它还被用于合成小的、分散良好的金属纳米颗粒（NPs）。生物合成的氧化镍纳米颗粒（NiO-NPs）具有广泛的生物医学用途。
本研究的目的是利用绿色合成方法，使用[具体物质未给出]合成NiO-NPs，随后对其进行表征，并评估这些纳米颗粒对多种药物耐药的伤口分离株的抗氧化和抗菌效果。
通过滴定法实现NiO-NPs的合成，这是一种绿色合成方法，并使用紫外可见光谱（UV）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）分析和能量色散X射线（EDX）等技术对其进行表征。使用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）法评估纳米颗粒的抗氧化活性，使用琼脂孔扩散法评估抗菌活性。使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows，版本21（2012年发布；IBM公司，美国纽约州阿蒙克）进行统计分析。
生物合成的NiO-NPs颜色从深棕色变为深绿色，表明纳米颗粒成功还原。在310 - 350nm处观察到UV分析峰，而FT-IR分析在不同波长处显示出峰，如629.31cm（卤代化合物；C - Br伸缩）、957.80cm（芳基磷酸盐；P - O - C伸缩）、1004.65cm（脂肪族磷酸盐；P - O - C伸缩）、1094.93cm（有机硅氧烷或硅酮；Si - O - Si）、1328.38cm（二烷基/芳基砜）、1604.88cm（开链偶氮 - N = N -）、2928.68cm（亚甲基C - H不对称/对称伸缩）、3268.65cm（正常聚合物“OH”伸缩）。纳米颗粒结晶度测定为24.7%，其余75.6%呈现无定形结构。SEM图像显示纳米级尺寸的NiO-NPs为球形团聚结构。EDX分析表明生物合成的NiO-NPs中存在元素组成Ni（7.4%）、O（39.4%）和C（53.3%）。这些纳米颗粒对[具体细菌未给出]显示出显著的抗菌活性，对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）具有中等抗菌活性，对[具体细菌未给出]的抗菌活性最低。
我们的体外结果表明，生物合成的NiO-NPs具有显著的抗氧化和抗菌活性。这些纳米颗粒可作为未来的抗菌药物，特别是针对[具体细菌未给出]和MRSA的多重耐药临床伤口分离株。
