Nayak Nidhi, Bhujle Rohan Rajendraji, Nanje-Gowda N A, Chakraborty Snehasis, Siliveru Kaliramesh, Subbiah Jeyamkondan, Brennan Charles
Department of Food Technology, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India.
Heliyon. 2024 May 11;10(10):e30921. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30921. eCollection 2024 May 30.
Millets are rich in nutritional and bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, and have the potential to combat malnutrition and various diseases. However, extracting these bioactive compounds can be challenging, as conventional methods are energy-intensive and can lead to thermal degradation. Green-assisted techniques have emerged as promising methods for sustainable and efficient extraction. This review explores recent trends in employing green-assisted techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from millets, and potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The objective is to evaluate and comprehend the parameters involved in different extraction methods, including energy efficiency, extraction yield, and the preservation of compound quality. The potential synergies achieved by integrating multiple extraction methods, and optimizing extraction efficiency for millet applications are also discussed. Among several, Ultrasound and Microwave-assisted extraction stand out for their rapidity, although there is a need for further research in the context of minor millets. Enzyme-assisted extraction, with its low energy input and ability to handle complex matrices, holds significant potential. Pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, despite being a non-thermal approach, requires further optimization for millet-specific applications, are few highlights. The review emphasizes the importance of considering specific compound characteristics, extraction efficiency, purity requirements, and operational costs when selecting an ideal technique. Ongoing research aims to optimize novel extraction processes for millets and their byproducts, offering promising applications in the development of millet-based nutraceutical food products. Therefore, the current study benefits researchers and industries to advance extraction research and develop efficient, sustainable, and scalable techniques to extract bioactive compounds from millets.
小米富含营养和生物活性化合物，包括多酚和黄酮类化合物，具有对抗营养不良和各种疾病的潜力。然而，提取这些生物活性化合物具有挑战性，因为传统方法能源消耗大，且可能导致热降解。绿色辅助技术已成为可持续高效提取的有前景的方法。本文综述探讨了采用绿色辅助技术从小米中提取生物活性化合物的最新趋势，以及在食品和制药行业的潜在应用。目的是评估和理解不同提取方法涉及的参数，包括能源效率、提取产率和化合物质量的保存。还讨论了通过整合多种提取方法实现的潜在协同作用，以及针对小米应用优化提取效率的问题。在多种方法中，超声辅助提取和微波辅助提取因其快速性而脱颖而出，不过在小品种小米方面仍需进一步研究。酶辅助提取因其低能量输入和处理复杂基质的能力而具有巨大潜力。脉冲电场辅助提取尽管是一种非热方法，但针对小米特定应用仍需进一步优化，这些是一些亮点。综述强调在选择理想技术时考虑特定化合物特性、提取效率、纯度要求和运营成本的重要性。正在进行的研究旨在优化小米及其副产品的新型提取工艺，为基于小米的营养食品开发提供有前景的应用。因此，本研究有益于研究人员和行业推进提取研究，并开发高效、可持续和可扩展的技术从小米中提取生物活性化合物。
