Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan, Famusiwa Courage Dele, Amuda Monsurah Oluwaseyifunmi, Afolabi Stephen Oluwaseun, Ayotunde Benjamin Temidayo, Adejumo Adedeji A, Akindele Ajoke Fehintola Idayat, Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel, Owolabi Olutunmise Victoria, Genovese Claudia, Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke
Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Biochem Biophys Rep. 2024 May 16;38:101735. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101735. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Diabetes is a group of medical conditions characterized by the body's inability to effectively control blood glucose levels, due to either insufficient insulin synthesis in type 1 diabetes or inadequate insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. According to this research, the PI3K/AKT pathway of Ocimum gratissimum leaf flavonoid-rich extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was studied. We purchased and used a total of forty (40) male Wistar rats for the study. We divided the animals into five (5) different groups: normal control (Group A), diabetic control (Group B), low dose (150 mg/kg body weight) of Ocimum gratissimum flavonoid-rich leaf extract (LDOGFL) (Group C), high dose (300 mg/kg body weight) of Ocimum gratissimum flavonoid-rich leaf extract (HDOGFL) (Group D), and 200 mg/kg of metformin (MET) (Group E). Streptozotocin induced all groups except Group A, which serves as the normal control group. The experiment lasted for 21 days, following which we sacrificed the animals and harvested their brains for biochemical analysis on the 22nd day. We carried out an analysis that included reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione transferases (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with GLUT4, MDA, pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO, neurotransmitters, cholinergic enzyme activities, cardiolipin, and the gene expression of PI3K/AKT. The obtained result indicates that the flavonoid-rich extracts of O. gratissimum significantly enhanced the levels of GSH, GST, CAT, GPx, and SOD, as well as GLUT4 and cardiolipin. The levels of GSH, GST, CAT, GPx, and SOD, as well as GLUT4 and cardiolipin, were significantly increased by gratissimum. Moreover, the extracts decrease the levels of MDA, pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO, neurotransmitters, and cholinergic enzyme activities. Additionally, the flavonoid-rich extracts of O. gratissimum significantly improved the AKT and PI3K gene expressions in diabetic rats. gratissimum had their AKT and PI3K gene expressions significantly (p < 0.05) improved. The findings indicate that O. gratissimum leaf flavonoids have the potential to treat diabetes mellitus. gratissimum leaf flavonoids possess therapeutic potential in themselves and can be applied in the management of diabetes mellitus. Although further analysis can be carried out in terms of isolating, profiling, or purifying the active compounds present in the plant's extract.
糖尿病是一组病症，其特征是身体无法有效控制血糖水平，这是由于1型糖尿病中胰岛素合成不足或2型糖尿病中胰岛素敏感性不足所致。根据这项研究，对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠中罗勒叶富含黄酮类化合物的提取物的PI3K/AKT途径进行了研究。我们共购买并使用了四十只（40只）雄性Wistar大鼠进行该研究。我们将这些动物分为五组：正常对照组（A组）、糖尿病对照组（B组）、低剂量（150毫克/千克体重）罗勒叶富含黄酮类化合物提取物（LDOGFL）组（C组）、高剂量（300毫克/千克体重）罗勒叶富含黄酮类化合物提取物（HDOGFL）组（D组）和200毫克/千克二甲双胍（MET）组（E组）。除作为正常对照组的A组外，链脲佐菌素诱导了所有组。实验持续21天，之后在第22天处死动物并取出它们的大脑进行生化分析。我们进行了包括还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）在内的分析，以及GLUT4、丙二醛（MDA）、促炎细胞因子、一氧化氮（NO）、神经递质、胆碱能酶活性、心磷脂和PI3K/AKT的基因表达分析。获得的结果表明，罗勒富含黄酮类化合物的提取物显著提高了GSH、GST、CAT（过氧化氢酶）、GPx和SOD的水平，以及GLUT4和心磷脂的水平。罗勒显著提高了GSH、GST、CAT、GPx和SOD以及GLUT4和心磷脂的水平。此外，提取物降低了MDA、促炎细胞因子、NO、神经递质和胆碱能酶活性的水平。此外，罗勒富含黄酮类化合物的提取物显著改善了糖尿病大鼠中AKT和PI3K基因的表达。罗勒使其AKT和PI3K基因表达显著（p < 0.05）改善。研究结果表明，罗勒叶黄酮类化合物具有治疗糖尿病的潜力。罗勒叶黄酮类化合物本身具有治疗潜力，可应用于糖尿病的管理。尽管可以在分离、分析或纯化植物提取物中存在的活性化合物方面进行进一步分析。
