Haiyan People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing, 314300, Zhejiang, China.
School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Cell Biol Toxicol. 2024 Jun 5;40(1):42. doi: 10.1007/s10565-024-09884-3.
Many types of gynecological cancer (GC) are often silent until they reach an advanced stage, and are therefore often diagnosed too late for effective treatment. Hence, there is a real need for more efficient diagnosis and treatment for patients with GC. During recent years, researchers have increasingly studied the impact of microRNAs cancer development, leading to a number of applications in detection and treatment. MicroRNAs are a particular group of tiny RNA molecules that regulate regular gene expression by affecting the translation process. The downregulation of numerous miRNAs has been observed in human malignancies. Let-7 is an example of a miRNA that controls cellular processes as well as signaling cascades to affect post-transcriptional gene expression. Recent research supports the hypothesis that enhancing let-7 expression in those cancers where it is downregulated may be a potential treatment option. Exosomes are tiny vesicles that move through body fluids and can include components like miRNAs (including let-7) that are important for communication between cells. Studies proved that exosomes are able to enhance tumor growth, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, metastasis, and immune evasion, thus suggesting their importance in GC management.
许多类型的妇科癌症（GC）通常在达到晚期之前都没有明显症状，因此常常被诊断得太晚，无法进行有效的治疗。因此，GC 患者确实需要更有效的诊断和治疗方法。近年来，研究人员越来越多地研究 microRNAs 在癌症发展中的作用，这导致了在检测和治疗方面的一些应用。microRNAs 是一类特别的微小 RNA 分子，通过影响翻译过程来调节正常的基因表达。许多 miRNA 的下调已在人类恶性肿瘤中观察到。Let-7 就是一种控制细胞过程和信号级联反应以影响转录后基因表达的 miRNA 例子。最近的研究支持了这样一种假设，即在下调的那些癌症中增强 Let-7 的表达可能是一种潜在的治疗选择。外泌体是一种通过体液传递的微小囊泡，其中可能包含像 Let-7 这样的 miRNA 等对细胞间通讯很重要的成分。研究证明，外泌体能够增强肿瘤生长、血管生成、化疗耐药性、转移和免疫逃逸，因此表明它们在 GC 管理中的重要性。
