Zhang Xindi, Guan Lijun, Zhu Ling, Wang Kunlun, Gao Yang, Li Jialei, Yan Song, Ji Nina, Zhou Ye, Yao Xinmiao, Li Bo
Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 May 23;11:1391601. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1391601. eCollection 2024.
(AS) is a geo-authentic crude medicinal plant that grows in China, Korea, Russia, and Japan. AS contains bioactive compounds such as eleutherosides, polysaccharides, and flavonoids. It is also a key traditional herb in the Red List of Chinese Species. AS is mainly distributed in Northeast China, specifically in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces. Its active compounds contribute to significant biological activities, including neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-fatigue, and antitumor effects. However, the extraction methods of active compounds are complex, the extraction efficiency is poor, and the structure-activity relationship is unclear. This study focused on the nutrients in AS, including protein, carbohydrates, and lipids. Particularly, the active ingredients (eleutherosides, polysaccharides, and flavonoids) in AS and their extraction and purification methods were analyzed and summarized. The biological activities of extracts have been reviewed, and the mechanisms of anti-oxidation, antitumor, anti-inflammation, and other activities are introduced in detail. The applications of AS in various domains, such as health foods, medicines, and animal dietary supplements, are then reported. Compared with other extraction methods, ultrasonic or microwave extraction improves efficiency, yet they can damage structures. Challenges arise in the recovery of solvents and in achieving extraction efficiency when using green solvents, such as deep eutectic solvents. Improvements can be made by combining extraction methods and controlling conditions (power, temperature, and time). Bioactive molecules and related activities are exposited clearly. The applications of AS have not been widely popularized, and the corresponding functions require further development.
刺五加是一种生长于中国、韩国、俄罗斯和日本的道地天然药用植物。刺五加含有刺五加苷、多糖和黄酮类等生物活性化合物。它也是《中国生物多样性红色名录—高等植物卷》中的一种重点传统药材。刺五加主要分布于中国东北地区，具体为黑龙江省、吉林省和辽宁省。其活性化合物具有显著的生物活性，包括神经保护、抗氧化、抗疲劳和抗肿瘤作用。然而，活性化合物的提取方法复杂，提取效率低，且构效关系尚不明确。本研究聚焦于刺五加中的营养成分，包括蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂质。特别对刺五加中的活性成分（刺五加苷、多糖和黄酮类）及其提取和纯化方法进行了分析和总结。综述了提取物的生物活性，并详细介绍了抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎等活性的作用机制。随后报道了刺五加在保健食品、药品和动物膳食补充剂等各个领域的应用。与其他提取方法相比，超声或微波提取提高了效率，但可能会破坏结构。在使用绿色溶剂（如低共熔溶剂）时，溶剂回收和实现提取效率方面存在挑战。可以通过结合提取方法和控制条件（功率、温度和时间）来改进。明确阐述了生物活性分子及其相关活性。刺五加的应用尚未得到广泛推广，其相应功能有待进一步开发。
