School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States.
Nano Lett. 2024 Jul 10;24(27):8217-8231. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01534. Epub 2024 Jun 7.
Theranostic medicine combines diagnostics and therapeutics, focusing on solid tumors at minimal doses. Optically activated photosensitizers are significant examples owing to their photophysical and chemical properties. Several optotheranostics have been tested that convert light to imaging signals, therapeutic radicals, and heat. Upon light exposure, conjugated photosensitizers kill tumor cells by producing reactive oxygen species and heat or by releasing cancer antigens. Despite clinical trials, these molecularly conjugated photosensitizers require protection from their surroundings and a localized direction for site-specific delivery during blood circulation. Therefore, cell membrane biomimetic ghosts have been proposed for precise and safe delivery of these optically active large molecules, which are clinically relevant because of their biocompatibility, long circulation time, bypass of immune cell recognition, and targeting ability. This review focuses on the role of biomimetic nanoparticles in the treatment and diagnosis of tumors through light-mediated diagnostics and therapy, providing insights into their preclinical and clinical status.
治疗诊断学将诊断与治疗相结合，重点关注小剂量的实体肿瘤。光激活的光敏剂因其光物理和化学性质而成为重要的例子。已经测试了几种光治疗诊断试剂，它们将光转化为成像信号、治疗性自由基和热。在光暴露下，共轭光敏剂通过产生活性氧和热或释放癌症抗原来杀死肿瘤细胞。尽管进行了临床试验，但这些分子共轭的光敏剂需要保护其周围环境，并在血液循环过程中进行局部定向的靶向传递。因此，细胞膜仿生幽灵被提议用于这些光活性大分子的精确和安全传递，由于其生物相容性、长循环时间、免疫细胞识别旁路和靶向能力，这些大分子在临床上具有相关性。本综述重点介绍了仿生纳米粒子在通过光介导的诊断和治疗治疗肿瘤中的作用，为其临床前和临床状态提供了见解。
