Rosa Alessio, Pujia Alberto Maria, Arcuri Claudio
Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Dentistry, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Eur J Dent. 2024 Oct;18(4):965-970. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1786845. Epub 2024 Jul 16.
This review meticulously examined the connection between vitamin C and periodontal disease, as well as the potential of vitamin C to prevent this condition. To gather relevant data, comprehensive electronic searches were conducted across various databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, focusing on studies that explored the relationship between vitamin C and periodontal disease in individuals aged between 18 and above. From an initial pool of 421 articles, 14 were ultimately chosen for detailed analysis. This selection encompassed seven cross-sectional studies, two case-control studies, two cohort studies, and three randomized controlled trials. The analysis of these studies revealed a consistent negative association between vitamin C intake, as well as its levels in the blood, and the incidence of periodontal disease across all seven cross-sectional studies. This indicates that higher vitamin C intake and blood levels are linked to a decreased risk of developing periodontal disease. In the two case-control studies, individuals suffering from periodontitis were found to have both a lower intake of vitamin C and reduced levels of vitamin C in their blood compared to those without the disease, further underscoring the potential protective role of vitamin C against periodontal disease. The progression of periodontal disease was observed to be more rapid in patients with lower dietary intake or blood levels of vitamin C compared to controls. Regarding the effects of vitamin C administration as an intervention, there was an improvement noted in gingival bleeding among patients with gingivitis; however, no significant benefits were observed in cases of periodontitis, specifically concerning alveolar bone absorption. Through the meticulous examination of available studies, this systematic review underscores the notion that adequate vitamin C intake and maintaining sufficient levels of vitamin C in the blood can contribute significantly to reducing the risk of periodontal disease.
本综述细致地研究了维生素C与牙周病之间的联系，以及维生素C预防这种疾病的潜力。为收集相关数据，我们在多个数据库中进行了全面的电子检索，包括PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆和Web of Science，重点关注探讨18岁及以上个体中维生素C与牙周病关系的研究。从最初的421篇文章中，最终筛选出14篇进行详细分析。这一选择涵盖了7项横断面研究、2项病例对照研究、2项队列研究和3项随机对照试验。对这些研究的分析表明，在所有7项横断面研究中，维生素C摄入量及其血液水平与牙周病发病率之间始终存在负相关。这表明较高的维生素C摄入量和血液水平与患牙周病风险降低有关。在2项病例对照研究中，发现与未患牙周炎的个体相比，患有牙周炎的个体维生素C摄入量较低且血液中维生素C水平也较低，这进一步强调了维生素C对牙周病的潜在保护作用。与对照组相比，维生素C饮食摄入量或血液水平较低的患者牙周病进展更快。关于维生素C作为干预措施的效果，观察到牙龈炎患者的牙龈出血有所改善；然而，在牙周炎病例中未观察到显著益处，特别是在牙槽骨吸收方面。通过对现有研究的细致审查，本系统综述强调了充足的维生素C摄入量以及维持血液中足够的维生素C水平可显著有助于降低牙周病风险这一观点。
