Dueñas M, De Sola H, Salazar A, Esquivia A, Rubio S, Failde I
Observatory of Pain, Grünenthal Foundation-University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain.
Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
Eur J Pain. 2025 Jan;29(1):e4705. doi: 10.1002/ejp.4705. Epub 2024 Jul 24.
Chronic pain (CP) is a public health problem worldwide.
To update the prevalence of CP and compare the clinical and social characteristics of people with CP with those with non-chronic continuous pain and a group without pain.
An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in a representative sample of 7058 adults from the Spanish population. Sociodemographic data, the presence of CP and non-chronic continuous pain, characteristics of pain, limitations on activities of daily living (ADL), the presence and level of anxiety and depression (HADS), quality of life (SF-12v2) and social support (DUKE) were collected. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed.
The prevalence of CP was 25.9% (95% CI;24.8-26.9) and that of non-chronic continuous pain was 7.7% (95% CI;7.1-8.3). Women presented a higher prevalence of both CP (30.5% vs. 21.3%) and non-chronic continuous pain (8.8% vs. 6.6%). CP was more common in the group between 55 and 75 years old (30.6%, 95% CI = 28.6-32.6%), non-chronic continuous pain affected most the population between 18 and 34 years old (11.2%, 95% CI = 9.6-12.7%). The median duration of CP was 4 years. The lumbar was the most frequent pain site (58.1%), and 27.1% did not know the cause. A greater frequency of limitations on ADL, more anxiety and depression, and worse quality of life were shown among the subjects with CP.
CP affects one in four Spanish people and impairs the mental, physical and social health. Differences exist by sex and age in its frequency. Identifying subjects with non-chronic continuous pain is fundamental to prevent their pain from becoming chronic.
Indicating the main aspects where this work adds significantly to existing knowledge in the field, and if appropriate to clinical practice. Due to its high prevalence and impact on quality of life, chronic pain has become one of the main health problems nowadays. Attention must be paid to it both from a clinical and social perspective, trying to raise awareness among the population of its possible causes and consequences. In routine clinical practice, greater consideration is given to groups of people with a higher prevalence of chronic pain, such as women and people with middle age, and with no chronic pain to prevent the appearance of chronic pain.
慢性疼痛（CP）是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。
更新慢性疼痛的患病率，并比较慢性疼痛患者与非慢性持续性疼痛患者以及无疼痛人群的临床和社会特征。
对来自西班牙人群的7058名成年人的代表性样本进行了一项观察性横断面研究。收集了社会人口统计学数据、慢性疼痛和非慢性持续性疼痛的存在情况、疼痛特征、日常生活活动（ADL）受限情况、焦虑和抑郁的存在及程度（医院焦虑抑郁量表）、生活质量（简明健康调查量表SF - 12v2）和社会支持（杜克社会支持量表）。进行了描述性和双变量分析。
慢性疼痛的患病率为25.9%（95%置信区间；24.8 - 26.9），非慢性持续性疼痛的患病率为7.7%（95%置信区间；7.1 - 8.3）。女性慢性疼痛（30.5%对21.3%）和非慢性持续性疼痛（8.8%对6.6%）的患病率均较高。慢性疼痛在55至75岁年龄组更常见（30.6%，95%置信区间 = 28.6 - 32.6%），非慢性持续性疼痛对18至34岁人群影响最大（11.2%，95%置信区间 = 9.6 - 12.7%）。慢性疼痛的中位持续时间为4年。腰部是最常见的疼痛部位（58.1%），27.1%的人不知道病因。慢性疼痛患者在日常生活活动受限、焦虑和抑郁频率更高以及生活质量更差方面表现得更为明显。
慢性疼痛影响四分之一的西班牙人，并损害其心理、身体和社会健康。其发生率在性别和年龄上存在差异。识别非慢性持续性疼痛患者对于防止其疼痛转变为慢性至关重要。
指出这项工作在该领域现有知识基础上显著增加的主要方面，以及是否适用于临床实践。由于其高患病率和对生活质量的影响，慢性疼痛已成为当今主要的健康问题之一。必须从临床和社会角度予以关注，努力提高公众对其可能原因和后果的认识。在常规临床实践中，应更多地关注慢性疼痛患病率较高的人群，如女性和中年人，以及预防无慢性疼痛人群出现慢性疼痛。
