Vázquez Fernando L, Blanco Vanessa, Andrade Elena, Otero Patricia, Bueno Ana M, Simón Miguel A, Torres Ángela J
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2024 Jul 10;15:1370863. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1370863. eCollection 2024.
Although previous research has demonstrated that resilience can be protective against various mental health conditions such as depression, existing studies examining the relationship between resilience and depression have limitations. To our knowledge, the moderators of the relationship have not been examined. The aim of this study was to determine whether resilience acts as a protective factor against depression in informal caregivers and to examine potential moderators of the relationship between these variables.
In this cross-sectional study, 554 randomly selected informal caregivers participated (86.8% women, average age = 55.3 years). Major depressive episode, depressive symptomatology, resilience, positive environmental reward, negative automatic thoughts, self-efficacy, and personality were assessed.
A total of 16.1% of informal caregivers met criteria for a depressive episode and 57.4% were at risk of developing depression. The average resilience score was 26.3 ( = 7.6); 62.6% of participants were in the lower quartile of the resilience scale. The gender of the informal caregiver and self-efficacy acted as moderating variables in the relationship between resilience and depression. The impact of resilience on depressive symptoms was more pronounced in female informal caregivers, and increased as self-efficacy increased.
Based on these findings, programs aimed at preventing depression in informal caregivers should focus on promoting resilience, especially in women, and introduce strategies to enhance self-efficacy to increase their impact.
尽管先前的研究表明，心理韧性可以预防诸如抑郁症等各种心理健康问题，但现有的关于心理韧性与抑郁症之间关系的研究存在局限性。据我们所知，尚未对这种关系的调节因素进行研究。本研究的目的是确定心理韧性是否对非正式照料者的抑郁症起到保护作用，并检验这些变量之间关系的潜在调节因素。
在这项横断面研究中，随机选取了554名非正式照料者参与（86.8%为女性，平均年龄 = 55.3岁）。评估了重度抑郁发作、抑郁症状、心理韧性、积极环境奖励、消极自动思维、自我效能感和人格。
共有16.1%的非正式照料者符合抑郁发作的标准，57.4%有患抑郁症的风险。心理韧性平均得分是26.3（标准差 = 7.6）；62.6%的参与者处于心理韧性量表的下四分位数。非正式照料者的性别和自我效能感在心理韧性与抑郁症的关系中起到调节变量的作用。心理韧性对抑郁症状的影响在女性非正式照料者中更为显著，并随着自我效能感的提高而增强。
基于这些发现，旨在预防非正式照料者抑郁症的项目应侧重于提高心理韧性，尤其是在女性中，并引入增强自我效能感的策略以增加其效果。
