Hinds Joseph, Apaa Ternenge, Parry Rhys H, Withers Amy J, MacKenzie Laura, Staley Ceri, Morrison Joshua, Bennett Malcolm, Bremner-Harrison Samantha, Chadwick Elizabeth A, Hailer Frank, Harrison Stephen W R, Lambin Xavier, Loose Mathew, Mathews Fiona, Tarlinton Rachael, Blanchard Adam
School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.
Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone Surrey, UK.
Access Microbiol. 2024 Jul 9;6(7). doi: 10.1099/acmi.0.000813.v4. eCollection 2024.
The family comprising positive-sense RNA viruses, is characterised by its non-enveloped, small virions, broad host range, and notable tendency for host switching. These viruses are primarily associated with gastroenteric disease, though they can lead to haemorrhagic or respiratory infections. Our study employed a metagenomics analysis of faecal samples from stoats (), identifying two novel calicivirus species, named stoat vesivirus and stoat valovirus. Stoat vesivirus was identified in three samples (ST008, ST006, ST004), exhibiting a genome wide nucleotide identity of approximately 92 %. The complete coding sequences of these samples were 8471 (ST004) and 8322 (ST006) nucleotides in length, respectively. Each comprised three open reading frames (ORF), closely resembling the mink calicivirus (China/2/2016), with 70-72 % similarity in ORF1, 61-62 % in ORF2 and 71 % in ORF3. Phylogenetic analysis robustly supported stoat vesivirus as belonging within the genus. The second calivicirus (stoat valovirus), detected solely in sample ST008, was 6527 nucleotides in length and with complete coding sequences present. It shared highest similarity with St-Valérien swine virus and marmot norovirus HT16, showing 39.5 and 38.8 % protein identity with ORF1 and 43.3 and 42.9 % for VP1. Stoat valovirus is borderline for meeting the ICTV criteria for a new genus, demonstrating 60 % divergence in ORF1 compared to the other valovirus', however it clusters basally within the genus, supporting leaving it included in this genus.
这个包含正链RNA病毒的科，其特征在于无包膜、病毒粒子小、宿主范围广以及明显的宿主转换倾向。这些病毒主要与胃肠疾病相关，不过它们也可能导致出血性或呼吸道感染。我们的研究对白鼬粪便样本进行了宏基因组分析，鉴定出两种新型杯状病毒，分别命名为白鼬水疱病毒和白鼬杯状病毒。在三个样本（ST008、ST006、ST004）中鉴定出了白鼬水疱病毒，其全基因组核苷酸同一性约为92%。这些样本的完整编码序列长度分别为8471（ST004）和8322（ST006）个核苷酸。每个序列都包含三个开放阅读框（ORF），与水貂杯状病毒（中国/2/2016）非常相似，ORF1的相似度为70 - 72%，ORF2为61 - 62%，ORF3为71%。系统发育分析有力地支持白鼬水疱病毒属于该属。第二种杯状病毒（白鼬杯状病毒）仅在样本ST008中检测到，长度为6527个核苷酸，具有完整的编码序列。它与圣瓦莱里安猪病毒和旱獭诺如病毒HT16的相似度最高，ORF1的蛋白质同一性分别为39.5%和38.8%，VP1为43.3%和42.9%。白鼬杯状病毒在满足国际病毒分类委员会新属标准方面处于边缘状态，与其他杯状病毒相比，其ORF1的差异为60%，然而它在该属的基部聚类，支持将其包含在该属中。
