Zhang Jingxuan, Yan Yun, Jiang Feifei, Chen Jingguo, Ouyang Yuhui, Zhang Luo
Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
J Asthma Allergy. 2024 Aug 8;17:757-768. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S471540. eCollection 2024.
Pollen allergies have a high prevalence in northern China, whereas, the types of pollen allergens and population characteristics among different regions remain unclear.
To study the species and temporal distribution of the main allergenic pollen, as well as the characteristics of patients with pollen-related allergic rhinitis (AR) in different cities in northern China.
Pollen data were obtained from pollen-monitoring stations in 13 cities of northern China between 2020 and 2021. Questionnaire surveys and allergen testing were conducted in 494 patients with pollen-related allergies from Beijing in Central, Shenyang in Northeast, and Xi'an in Northwest China.
In 13 cities of northern China, the main sources of pollen were cypress, poplar, elm, pine, birch and ash in spring, and mugwort, goosefoot, hop and ragweed in autumn. In Northwest China, the spring and autumn pollen periods started earlier and lasted longer than that in Central and Northeast China, and the pollen counts in autumn in was significantly higher than that in Central and Northeast China. Furthermore, the nasal, ocular and respiratory symptom and quality of life scores of AR patients in Northwest China were significantly higher than that in Central and Northeast China. 69.32-73.28% of patients had annual cost of anti-allergic medication between 500-5000 yuan. However, 40.93-48.86% of patients reported minor control of symptoms.
Our results can be used as a basis for developing effective prevention and management measures for patients with pollen-related allergy in these regions, including timely pollen monitoring, patient guidance on protective measures, early intervention, and specific immunotherapy, to improve pollen-related allergy management.
花粉过敏在中国北方地区高发，但不同地区的花粉过敏原种类及人群特征尚不清楚。
研究中国北方不同城市主要致敏花粉的种类、时间分布以及花粉相关性过敏性鼻炎（AR）患者的特征。
获取2020年至2021年中国北方13个城市花粉监测站的花粉数据。对来自中国中部北京、东北部沈阳和西北部西安的494例花粉相关性过敏患者进行问卷调查和过敏原检测。
在中国北方13个城市，春季花粉的主要来源是柏树、杨树、榆树、松树、桦树和白蜡树，秋季是艾蒿、藜、啤酒花和豚草。在中国西北部，春秋季花粉期开始时间早于中部和东北部，持续时间更长，秋季花粉计数显著高于中部和东北部。此外，中国西北部AR患者的鼻、眼和呼吸道症状及生活质量评分显著高于中部和东北部。69.32% - 73.28%的患者每年抗过敏药物费用在500 - 5000元之间。然而，40.93% - 48.86%的患者报告症状控制不佳。
我们的研究结果可为这些地区制定针对花粉相关性过敏患者的有效预防和管理措施提供依据，包括及时进行花粉监测、指导患者采取防护措施、早期干预和特异性免疫治疗，以改善花粉相关性过敏的管理。
