Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IMCAS, Beijing, China.
Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2387800. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2387800. Epub 2024 Aug 25.
The human gastrointestinal tract, boasting the most diverse microbial community, harbors approximately 100 trillion microorganisms comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The profound genetic and metabolic capabilities of the gut microbiome underlie its involvement in nearly every facet of human biology, from health maintenance and development to aging and disease. Recent recognition of microbiota - gut - brain axis, referring to the bidirectional communication network between gut microbes and their host, has led to a surge in interdisciplinary research. This review begins with an overview of the current understandings regarding the influence of gut microbes on intestinal and blood-brain barrier integrity. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota - gut - brain axis, examining the role of gut microbiota-related neural transmission, metabolites, gut hormones and immunity. We propose the concept of microbiota-mediated multi-barrier modulation in the potential treatment in gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. Furthermore, the role of lymphatic network in the development and maintenance of barrier function is discussed, providing insights into lesser-known conduits of communication between the microbial ecosystem within the gut and the brain. In the final section, we conclude by describing the ongoing frontiers in understanding of the microbiota - gut - brain axis's impact on human health and disease.
人类胃肠道拥有最多样化的微生物群落，容纳了约 1000 万亿种微生物，包括病毒、细菌、真菌和古菌。肠道微生物组的深远遗传和代谢能力使其参与了人类生物学的几乎各个方面，从健康维护和发育到衰老和疾病。最近人们认识到了肠道微生物群-肠-脑轴，它指的是肠道微生物与其宿主之间的双向通讯网络，这促使跨学科研究蓬勃发展。本综述首先概述了目前关于肠道微生物对肠道和血脑屏障完整性影响的认识。随后，我们讨论了肠道微生物群-肠-脑轴的机制，研究了与肠道微生物群相关的神经传递、代谢物、肠道激素和免疫的作用。我们提出了微生物介导的多屏障调节的概念，以潜在治疗胃肠道和神经紊乱。此外，还讨论了淋巴管网络在屏障功能的发育和维持中的作用，为了解肠道内微生物生态系统与大脑之间鲜为人知的通讯途径提供了新视角。在最后一节中，我们总结了目前对肠道微生物群-肠-脑轴对人类健康和疾病影响的理解的前沿进展。
