Research Group Exercise Epidemiology, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
Faculty of Computer Science, University Koblenz, 56070 Koblenz, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jul 24;21(8):969. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21080969.
Despite significant prevention efforts, the numbers of physically inactive individuals, chronic illnesses, exhaustion syndromes and sick leaves are increasing. A still unresolved problem with exercise promotion is the low participation of sedentary persons. This collective term covers heterogeneous subgroups. Their engagement with movement campaigns and resistance to change are influenced by numerous factors. Our aim was to analyse survey data on health, performance, lifestyle habits and the approachability to physical activity campaigns obtained from the Germany-wide ActIv survey. From 2888 study participants aged 50-60 years, 668 persons were categorised into the subgroups "never-athletes", "sports-dropouts", "always-athletes" and "sports-beginners". Large and significant group differences were found for BMI, assessment of quality of life, health and fitness, risk factors and health problems. In total, 42.5% of "never-athletes" and 32.5% of "sports-dropouts" did not state any barriers to sport. There are substantial disparities between the non-athlete groups in terms of their motivation to exercise. In contrast, there are comparatively minor differences in motivation between "sports-dropouts" and "sports-beginners", whose health and fitness are the primary motivators for sport. Our analyses suggest that (i) negative health and performance trends cannot be compensated for by appeals for voluntary participation in exercise programmes and (ii) powerful incentive systems are required.
尽管采取了重大的预防措施，但缺乏身体活动的人数、慢性病、疲劳综合征和病假人数仍在增加。运动推广中仍然存在一个未解决的问题，即久坐人群的参与度低。这个统称涵盖了异质的亚组。他们对运动活动的参与度和对变革的抵制受到许多因素的影响。我们的目的是分析从德国范围内的 ActIv 调查中获得的关于健康、绩效、生活方式习惯以及对体育活动宣传的可接近性的调查数据。在 2888 名年龄在 50-60 岁的研究参与者中，有 668 人被分为“从不运动者”、“运动放弃者”、“一直运动者”和“运动初学者”这四个亚组。在 BMI、生活质量评估、健康和健身、风险因素和健康问题方面，这些亚组之间存在着显著的差异。总的来说，42.5%的“从不运动者”和 32.5%的“运动放弃者”没有表示任何运动障碍。非运动员群体在运动动机方面存在着很大的差异。相比之下，“运动放弃者”和“运动初学者”之间的动机差异较小，他们运动的主要动力是健康和健身。我们的分析表明：（i）负面的健康和绩效趋势不能通过呼吁自愿参与运动计划来弥补；（ii）需要强有力的激励制度。
