Thaysen J Damgaard, Sønderholm J
Department of Culture and Learning, Aalborg University, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
J Bioeth Inq. 2024 Aug 29. doi: 10.1007/s11673-024-10363-x.
Human organs available for transplant are in short supply. One way to increase the supply of organs consists in legalizing a live donor market. Such a market is, however, controversial. This article is about an objection to live donor organ markets made by Simon Rippon. Rippon's objection is that the presence of a market option creates new social and legal pressures that harm the poor. Legalizing the option of selling your organs transforms into a harmful, and morally indefensible, social, and legal pressure to sell on the financially desperate. This article defends the conclusion that Rippon's argument fails as an objection to live donor organ markets. It fails because it has implausibly expansive implications about which markets are morally problematic. In short, Rippon's argument proves too much. Sections one and two introduce Rippon's argument. Sections three and four contain the argument against Rippon. The main argumentative move is that the features of an organ market that, according to Rippon, justify a ban on such a market are features that also characterize several other markets that are normally considered unproblematic, for example, markets where individuals sell their labour abroad in jobs that are dangerous. So, if an organ market should be legally impermissible, so should these labour markets. Section five considers several objections to the argument against Rippon. It is argued that these objections fail. Section six is a conclusion that sums up the findings of the article.
可供移植的人体器官供不应求。增加器官供应的一种方法是使活体捐赠者市场合法化。然而，这样的市场存在争议。本文探讨的是西蒙·里彭对活体捐赠者器官市场提出的一种反对意见。里彭的反对意见是，市场选择的存在会产生新的社会和法律压力，对穷人造成伤害。将出售器官的选择合法化，会转化为一种有害且在道德上站不住脚的社会和法律压力，迫使经济上绝望的人出售器官。本文捍卫的结论是，里彭的论点作为对活体捐赠者器官市场的反对意见是失败的。它之所以失败，是因为它对哪些市场在道德上存在问题有着难以置信的宽泛影响。简而言之，里彭的论点证明得太多了。第一和第二节介绍里彭的论点。第三和第四节包含对里彭的反驳论点。主要的论证思路是，按照里彭的说法，那些证明应该禁止器官市场的市场特征，同样也是其他几个通常被认为没有问题的市场所具有的特征，比如个人在国外从事危险工作出售劳动力的市场。所以，如果器官市场在法律上不被允许，那么这些劳动力市场也应该不被允许。第五节考虑了对反驳里彭的论点的几个反对意见。论证表明这些反对意见是失败的。第六节是一个结论，总结了本文的研究结果。
