College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Bone Res. 2024 Sep 4;12(1):51. doi: 10.1038/s41413-024-00356-2.
There are currently no targeted delivery systems to satisfactorily treat bone-related disorders. Many clinical drugs consisting of small organic molecules have a short circulation half-life and do not effectively reach the diseased tissue site. This coupled with repeatedly high dose usage that leads to severe side effects. With the advance in nanotechnology, drugs contained within a nano-delivery device or drugs aggregated into nanoparticles (nano-drugs) have shown promises in targeted drug delivery. The ability to design nanoparticles to target bone has attracted many researchers to develop new systems for treating bone related diseases and even repurposing current drug therapies. In this review, we shall summarise the latest progress in this area and present a perspective for future development in the field. We will focus on calcium-based nanoparticle systems that modulate calcium metabolism and consequently, the bone microenvironment to inhibit disease progression (including cancer). We shall also review the bone affinity drug family, bisphosphonates, as both a nano-drug and nano-delivery system for bone targeted therapy. The ability to target and release the drug in a controlled manner at the disease site represents a promising safe therapy to treat bone diseases in the future.
目前还没有靶向输送系统来满意地治疗与骨骼相关的疾病。许多由小分子有机化合物组成的临床药物半衰期短，不能有效地到达病变组织部位。这再加上重复使用高剂量，会导致严重的副作用。随着纳米技术的进步，包含在纳米输送装置中的药物或聚集为纳米颗粒的药物（纳米药物）在靶向药物输送方面显示出了前景。设计靶向骨骼的纳米颗粒的能力吸引了许多研究人员来开发治疗骨骼相关疾病的新系统，甚至重新利用现有的药物疗法。在这篇综述中，我们将总结这一领域的最新进展，并对该领域的未来发展提出展望。我们将重点介绍调节钙代谢并因此抑制疾病进展（包括癌症）的基于钙的纳米颗粒系统。我们还将回顾骨亲和药物家族双膦酸盐，作为骨靶向治疗的纳米药物和纳米输送系统。在疾病部位以受控方式靶向和释放药物的能力代表了一种有前途的安全疗法，可以治疗未来的骨骼疾病。
