Human-Computer-Media-Institute, Psychology of Communication and New Media, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Oswald-Külpe-Weg 82, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2024 Sep 18;9(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s41235-024-00595-1.
Misinformation can profoundly impact an individual's attitudes-sometimes even after the misinformation has been corrected. In two preregistered experiments (N = 355, N = 725), we investigated whether individual differences in the ability and motivation to process information thoroughly influence the impact of misinformation in a news media context. More specifically, we tested whether fluid intelligence and need for cognition predicted the degree to which individuals who were exposed to misinformation changed their attitudes after receiving a correction message. We found consistent evidence that higher fluid intelligence is associated with a more pronounced correction effect, while need for cognition did not have a significant effect. This suggests that integrating a correction message with a previously encountered piece of misinformation can be challenging and that correction messages consequently need to be communicated in a way that is accessible to a broad audience.
错误信息可能会深刻影响一个人的态度，有时甚至在错误信息得到纠正后也是如此。在两项预先注册的实验中（N=355，N=725），我们研究了个体在信息处理能力和动机方面的差异是否会影响新闻媒体环境下错误信息的影响。更具体地说，我们测试了流体智力和认知需求是否可以预测在收到更正信息后，接触错误信息的个体改变态度的程度。我们发现一致的证据表明，较高的流体智力与更明显的纠正效果相关，而认知需求则没有显著影响。这表明，将更正信息与之前遇到的错误信息整合可能具有挑战性，因此需要以一种易于广大受众理解的方式传达更正信息。
