Kang Yuan, Chen Chen
School of Architecture and Design, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116, Xuzhou, China.
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 29;10(17):e37033. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37033. eCollection 2024 Sep 15.
It is vital and challenging to coordinate the protection of natural reserves with rural construction. The rural structure and function were divided during the creation of natural reserves on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP), throwing the rural structure and functional system and its constituent parts out of balance. According to current research results on the construction mode of rural landscapes, the creation of rural landscapes is unable to address the requirements of villages and encourage the creation of protected areas. Therefore, it has become urgently necessary to conduct research on the rural landscape construction model of the QTP natural reserve. This study focuses on the case study of the construction mode of rural landscapes in the Mengda National Nature Reserve (MNNR) in the QTP. The inherent hierarchical structure relationships between rural landscape types, units and elements were identified. The basic characteristics of residential, production and cultural landscapes and their interdependent structural relationships were described. According to the evidence collected from literature, the rural landscape complex model and spatial optimisation strategy in the MNNR were proposed. It is believed that the rural residential, production and cultural landscape structures of the MNNR cannot effectively realise its living, production and culture function. From a spatial structure level, a rural landscape construction model was proposed based on production landscapes, residential landscapes as characteristics and cultural landscapes as the source. This model is based on agricultural landscapes, features the village and village dwellings and originates from temple landscapes, forming a comprehensive landscape unit that relies on and supports each other among production, residential and cultural landscapes. Emphasising the structural construction of infrastructure, such as transportation roads, network routes, tourism routes and water and electricity networks between the system and the external environment, is essential for promoting the circular relationship between the agricultural community complex in Dazhuang Village and the external system. The model is beneficial to balance the relationship between the rural landscape structure and MNNR function and promote the sustainable development of the relationship between the nature reserve and rural areas.
协调自然保护区保护与乡村建设至关重要且具有挑战性。在青藏高原自然保护区创建过程中，乡村结构和功能被划分，导致乡村结构和功能体系及其组成部分失衡。根据目前关于乡村景观建设模式的研究成果，乡村景观的创建无法满足村庄需求，也不利于保护区的创建。因此，对青藏高原自然保护区乡村景观建设模式进行研究变得迫在眉睫。本研究聚焦于青藏高原孟达国家级自然保护区乡村景观建设模式的案例研究。识别了乡村景观类型、单元和要素之间固有的层次结构关系。描述了居住、生产和文化景观的基本特征及其相互依存的结构关系。根据文献收集的证据，提出了孟达国家级自然保护区乡村景观复合模型和空间优化策略。认为孟达国家级自然保护区的乡村居住、生产和文化景观结构无法有效实现其生活、生产和文化功能。从空间结构层面，提出了一种以生产景观为基础、居住景观为特色、文化景观为源泉的乡村景观建设模式。该模式以农业景观为基础，以村庄和村落住宅为特色，源自寺庙景观，形成了生产、居住和文化景观之间相互依存、相互支撑的综合景观单元。强调系统与外部环境之间交通道路、网络线路、旅游线路以及水电网络等基础设施的结构建设，对于促进大庄村农业社区复合体与外部系统之间的循环关系至关重要。该模式有利于平衡乡村景观结构与孟达国家级自然保护区功能之间的关系，促进自然保护区与乡村地区关系的可持续发展。
