Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 20;14(1):21941. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73313-y.
Due to the fast-changing global climate, conventional agricultural systems have to deal with more unpredictable and harsh environmental conditions leading to compromise food production. The application of phytonanotechnology can ensure safer and more sustainable crop production, allowing the target-specific delivery of bioactive molecules with great and partially explored positive effects for agriculture, such as an increase in crop production and plant pathogen reduction. In this study, the effect of free pterostilbene (PTB) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with pterostilbene was investigated on Solanum lycopersicum L. metabolism. An untargeted NMR-based metabolomics approach was used to examine primary and secondary metabolism whereas a targeted HPLC-MS/MS-based approach was used to explore the impact on defense response subjected to anti-oxidant effect of PTB, such as free fatty acids, oxylipins and them impact on hormone biosynthesis, in particular salicylic and jasmonic acid. In tomato leaves after treatment with PTB and PLGA NPs loaded with PTB (NPs + PTB), both NPs + PTB and free PTB treatments increased GABA levels in tomato leaves. In addition, a decrease of quercetin-3-glucoside associated with the increase in caffeic acid was observed suggesting a shift in secondary metabolism towards the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and other phenolic compounds. An increase of behenic acid (C22:0) and a remodulation of oxylipin metabolism deriving from the linoleic acid (i.e. 9-HpODE, 13-HpODE and 9-oxo-ODE) and linolenic acid (9-HOTrE and 9-oxoOTrE) after treatment with PLGA NPs and PLGA NPs + PTB were also found as a part of mechanisms of plant redox modulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the role of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with pterostilbene in modulating leaf metabolome and physiology in terms of secondary metabolites, fatty acids, oxylipins and hormones. In perspective, PLGA NPs loaded with PTB could be used to reshape the metabolic profile to allow plant to react more quickly to stresses.
由于全球气候变化迅速，传统农业系统不得不应对更多不可预测和恶劣的环境条件，从而导致粮食产量下降。植物纳米技术的应用可以确保更安全、更可持续的作物生产，使生物活性分子能够有针对性地传递，对农业具有巨大的、部分尚未开发的积极影响，例如增加作物产量和减少植物病原体。在这项研究中，研究了负载白藜芦醇的游离白藜芦醇（PTB）和聚（乳酸-共-乙醇酸）（PLGA）纳米粒子（NPs）对番茄 L.代谢的影响。采用无靶向 NMR 代谢组学方法研究了初级和次级代谢，而采用靶向 HPLC-MS/MS 方法研究了抗氧化作用下白藜芦醇对防御反应的影响，例如游离脂肪酸、氧化脂类及其对激素生物合成的影响，特别是水杨酸和茉莉酸。在用 PTB 和负载 PTB 的 PLGA NPs（NPs+PTB）处理后的番茄叶片中，NPs+PTB 和游离 PTB 处理均增加了番茄叶片中的 GABA 水平。此外，观察到槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷的减少与咖啡酸的增加有关，这表明次级代谢向苯丙烷和其他酚类化合物的生物合成发生了转变。在用 PLGA NPs 和 PLGA NPs+PTB 处理后，还发现了二十二烷酸（C22:0）的增加和亚麻酸（即 9-HpODE、13-HpODE 和 9-氧代-ODE）和亚麻酸（9-HOTrE 和 9-氧代 OTrE）衍生的氧化脂类代谢的重塑，作为植物氧化还原调节机制的一部分。据我们所知，这是第一项研究表明负载白藜芦醇的 PLGA 纳米粒子在调节叶片代谢组和生理学方面（次级代谢物、脂肪酸、氧化脂类和激素）的作用。从长远来看，负载 PTB 的 PLGA NPs 可用于重塑代谢谱，使植物能够更快地应对压力。
