Maruf Md Nasimul Islam, Mahmud Shadman, Pasarín Iván S, Giani Federico, Degrave Aurélien, Guerra Carlos Funez, Lopez Susana, Mesonero Ivan
Department of Electrical Energy Storage, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH), University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Open Res Eur. 2024 Sep 2;3:193. doi: 10.12688/openreseurope.16693.2. eCollection 2023.
Energy communities facilitate several advantages, including energy autonomy, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, poverty mitigation, and regional economic development. They also empower citizens with decision-making and co-ownership prospects in community renewable projects. Integrating renewable energy sources and sector coupling is a crucial strategy for flexible energy systems. However, demonstrating clean energy transition scenarios in these communities presents challenges, including technology integration, flexibility activation, load reduction, grid resilience, and business case development.
Based on the system of systems approach, this paper introduces a 4-step funnel approach and a 4-step reverse funnel approach to systematically specify and detail demonstration scenarios for energy community projects. The funnel approach involves four steps. First, it selects demonstration scenarios promoting energy-efficient state-of-the-art renewable technologies and storage systems, flexibility through demand side management techniques, reduced grid dependence, and economic viability. Second, it lists all existing and planned project technologies, analysing energy flows. Third, it plans actions at different levels to implement the demonstration scenarios. Fourth, it validates the strategies using key performance indicators (KPI) to quantify the effectiveness of the planned measures. Furthermore, the reverse funnel approach delves deeper into the demonstration scenarios. The four steps involve identifying stakeholder perspectives, describing scenario scopes, listing conditions for realisation, and outlining business models, including value chains and economic assumptions.
This approach provides a detailed analysis of the demonstration scenarios, considering actors, objectives, boundary conditions, and business assumptions. The methodologies are exemplified in three diverse European energy communities extending across residential, commercial, tertiary, and industrial establishments, allowing power-to-x and sector coupling opportunities. The paper also suggested thirteen KPIs for validating renewable-focused energy community projects.
Finally, the paper recommends increased collaboration between energy communities, knowledge sharing, stakeholder engagement, transparent data collection and analysis, continuous feedback, and method improvement to mitigate policy, technology, business, and market uncertainties.
能源社区具有诸多优势，包括能源自主、减少温室气体排放、缓解贫困以及促进区域经济发展。它们还使公民在社区可再生能源项目中拥有决策和共同所有权的机会。整合可再生能源和部门耦合是灵活能源系统的关键策略。然而，在这些社区中展示清洁能源转型情景面临诸多挑战，包括技术整合、灵活性激活、负荷降低、电网弹性以及商业案例开发。
基于系统-of-系统方法，本文引入了一种4步漏斗方法和一种4步反向漏斗方法，以系统地指定和详细描述能源社区项目的示范情景。漏斗方法包括四个步骤。首先，它选择促进高效节能的先进可再生技术和存储系统、通过需求侧管理技术实现灵活性、降低电网依赖性以及经济可行性的示范情景。其次，它列出所有现有和计划中的项目技术，分析能量流。第三，它规划不同层面的行动以实施示范情景。第四，它使用关键绩效指标（KPI）验证策略，以量化计划措施的有效性。此外，反向漏斗方法更深入地探究示范情景。这四个步骤包括确定利益相关者的观点、描述情景范围、列出实现条件以及概述商业模式，包括价值链和经济假设。
该方法对示范情景进行了详细分析，考虑了参与者、目标、边界条件和商业假设。这些方法在三个不同的欧洲能源社区中得到了例证，这些社区涵盖住宅、商业、第三产业和工业设施，提供了电力-to-x和部门耦合的机会。本文还提出了13个用于验证以可再生能源为重点的能源社区项目的KPI。
最后，本文建议能源社区之间加强合作、知识共享、利益相关者参与、透明的数据收集和分析、持续反馈以及方法改进，以减轻政策、技术、商业和市场的不确定性。
