Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
Genetica. 2024 Dec;152(4-6):159-178. doi: 10.1007/s10709-024-00214-3. Epub 2024 Oct 4.
The auxin response factor (ARF) is a plant-specific transcription factor that regulates the expression of auxin response genes by binding directly to their promoters. They play an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the identification and functional analysis of ARFs in Fagopyrum dibotrys are still unclear. In this study, a total of 26 FdARF genes were identified using bioinformatic methods. Their chromosomal location, gene structure, physical and chemical properties of their encoded protein, subcellular location, phylogenetic tree, conserved motifs and cis-acting elements in FdARF promoters were analyzed. The results showed that 26 FdARF genes were unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes, with the largest distribution on chromosome 4 and the least distribution on chromosome 3. Most FdARF proteins are located in the nucleus, except for the proteins FdARF7 and FdARF21 located to the cytoplasm and nucleus, while FdARF14, FdARF16, and FdARF25 proteins are located outside the chloroplast and nucleus. According to phylogenetic analysis, 26 FdARF genes were divided into 6 subgroups. Duplication analysis indicates that the expansion of the FdARF gene family was derived from segmental duplication rather than tandem duplication. The prediction based on cis-elements of the promoter showed that 26 FdARF genes were rich in multiple stress response elements, suggesting that FdARFs may be involved in the response to abiotic stress. Expression profiling analysis showed that most of the FdARF genes were expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, and tubers of F. dibotrys, but their expression exhibits a certain degree of tissue specificity. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that most members of the FdARF gene were up- or down-regulated in response to abiotic stress. The results of this study expand our understanding of the functional role of FdARFs in response to abiotic stress and lay a theoretical foundation for further exploration of other functions of FdARF genes.
生长素响应因子（ARF）是一种植物特异性转录因子，通过直接结合到它们的启动子上调节生长素响应基因的表达。它们在植物生长发育的调节以及生物和非生物胁迫的响应中起着重要作用。然而，在苦荞麦中 ARF 的鉴定和功能分析仍不清楚。在这项研究中，使用生物信息学方法共鉴定了 26 个 FdARF 基因。分析了它们在 FdARF 启动子中的染色体定位、基因结构、编码蛋白的理化性质、亚细胞定位、系统进化树、保守基序和顺式作用元件。结果表明，26 个 FdARF 基因不均匀分布在 8 条染色体上，最大分布在第 4 条染色体上，最少分布在第 3 条染色体上。大多数 FdARF 蛋白位于细胞核内，除了 FdARF7 和 FdARF21 蛋白位于细胞质和细胞核内，而 FdARF14、FdARF16 和 FdARF25 蛋白位于叶绿体和细胞核外。根据系统发育分析，26 个 FdARF 基因分为 6 个亚组。复制分析表明，FdARF 基因家族的扩张来源于片段复制而不是串联复制。基于启动子顺式元件的预测表明，26 个 FdARF 基因富含多种胁迫响应元件，表明 FdARFs 可能参与非生物胁迫的响应。表达谱分析表明，大多数 FdARF 基因在苦荞麦的根、茎、叶和块茎中表达，但它们的表达表现出一定程度的组织特异性。qRT-PCR 分析表明，大多数 FdARF 基因成员在应对非生物胁迫时上调或下调。本研究结果扩展了我们对 FdARFs 在应对非生物胁迫中的功能作用的认识，为进一步探索 FdARF 基因的其他功能奠定了理论基础。
