Fattorini Luigi, Rodio Angelo, Di Libero Tommaso, Ieno Cristian, Tranfo Giovanna, Pigini Daniela, Pinto Alessandro, Marchetti Enrico
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Sep 30;6:1429732. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1429732. eCollection 2024.
Diving in SCUBA modality modifies human physiology in many ways. These modifications have been studied since Paul Bert in a seminal work. This area of research is very sensible to technological development. At now, it is possible to record heart rate (HR) continuously while diving. The study of HR changes in SCUBA diving at different depths in a constant temperature of thermal water is the objective of the present paper.
18 healthy subjects were enrolled and HR was recorded while SCUBA diving in thermal water at a constant temperature of 33.6 C in the deepest Italian pool at Montegrotto (Padova, Italy). Three depths were investigated: -20, -30 and -40 meters. The HR has been recorded with a Galileo SOL diving computer. The dive was subdivided into three phases: descent (DSC), steady on depth (STD), post-dive (RSF), and average HR was evaluated in each phase. Moreover, considering the DSC and STD time duration, a statistical linear regression of HR and relative parameters, intercept and slope, were here assessed.
In STD phase, HR slope obtained by regression decreased with depth. A significant difference was found between the slope during STD at -20 vs. -40 m ( ≤ 0.05).
Present results emphasized different HR physiological adjustments among diving phases. Firstly, during the DSC, a rapid HR decrease is recognized as probably due to a vagal response; secondly, at STD, the inward blood redistribution requires another physiological adjustment. This latter is depth-dependent because of a reduction of cardiac variability. Present data highlight the important cardiac stress need to counteract the diving activity.
水肺潜水会在许多方面改变人体生理机能。自保罗·贝尔在一项开创性研究中对这些改变进行研究以来，该领域的研究一直对技术发展非常敏感。目前，在潜水过程中可以连续记录心率（HR）。本文的目的是研究在恒温水环境下，不同深度水肺潜水时的心率变化。
招募了18名健康受试者，在意大利蒙特格罗托（帕多瓦，意大利）最深的泳池中，于33.6摄氏度的恒温水环境下进行水肺潜水时记录心率。研究了三个深度：-20米、-30米和-40米。使用伽利略SOL潜水计算机记录心率。潜水分为三个阶段：下潜（DSC）、在深度保持稳定（STD）、潜水后（RSF），并评估每个阶段的平均心率。此外，考虑到下潜和在深度保持稳定阶段的持续时间，评估了心率与相关参数（截距和斜率）的统计线性回归。
在深度保持稳定阶段，通过回归得到的心率斜率随深度降低。在-20米和-40米深度保持稳定阶段的斜率之间发现了显著差异（≤0.05）。
目前的结果强调了潜水各阶段中心率的不同生理调节。首先，在下潜过程中，心率迅速下降可能是由于迷走神经反应；其次，在深度保持稳定阶段，血液向内重新分布需要另一种生理调节。由于心脏变异性降低，后一种调节与深度有关。目前的数据突出了应对潜水活动所需的重要心脏应激。
