De Plano Laura Maria, Caratozzolo Manuela, Conoci Sabrina, Guglielmino Salvatore P P, Franco Domenico
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Oct 18;13(10):987. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13100987.
This study investigates the impact of nutrient availability on the growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of ATCC 27853 under static conditions. Bacterial behaviour was evaluated in nutrient-rich Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and nutrient-limited M9 media, specifically lacking carbon (M9-C), nitrogen (M9-N), or phosphorus (M9-P). Bacterial adhesion was analysed microscopically during the transition from reversible to irreversible attachment (up to 120 min) and during biofilm production/maturation stages (up to 72 h). Results demonstrated that LB and M9 media supported bacterial growth, whereas nutrient-starved conditions halted growth, with M9-C and M9-N inducing stationary phases and M9-P leading to cell death. Fractal analysis was employed to characterise the spatial distribution and complexity of bacterial adhesion patterns, revealing that nutrient-limited conditions affected both adhesion density and biofilm architecture, particularly in M9-C. In addition, live/dead staining confirmed a higher proportion of dead cells in M9-P over time (at 48 and 72 h). : This study highlights how nutrient starvation influences biofilm formation and bacterial dispersion, offering insights into the survival strategies of in resource-limited environments. These findings should contribute to a better understanding of biofilm dynamics, with implications for managing biofilm-related infections and industrial biofouling.
本研究调查了在静态条件下营养物质可用性对ATCC 27853生长、黏附及生物膜形成的影响。在营养丰富的Luria-Bertani（LB）肉汤和营养受限的M9培养基（具体为缺乏碳源的M9-C、缺乏氮源的M9-N或缺乏磷源的M9-P）中评估细菌行为。在从可逆黏附转变为不可逆黏附的过程中（长达120分钟）以及生物膜产生/成熟阶段（长达72小时），通过显微镜分析细菌黏附情况。结果表明，LB和M9培养基支持细菌生长，而营养饥饿条件会使生长停止，M9-C和M9-N诱导细菌进入稳定期，M9-P导致细胞死亡。采用分形分析来表征细菌黏附模式的空间分布和复杂性,结果显示营养受限条件会影响黏附密度和生物膜结构，尤其是在M9-C中。此外，活/死染色证实，随着时间推移（在48小时和72小时时），M9-P中死细胞的比例更高。本研究强调了营养饥饿如何影响生物膜形成和细菌扩散，为细菌在资源有限环境中的生存策略提供了见解。这些发现应有助于更好地理解生物膜动态，对管理与生物膜相关的感染和工业生物污垢具有重要意义。
